Control biológico de Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus con hongos entomopatógenos / Biological Control of Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with Entomopathogenic Fungi

Gálvez, Arely Bautista; Segura, Rafael Pimentel; Gómez-Vázquez, Armando

doi:10.23913/ciba.v6i12.68

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It should be noted that the main EPF used in the studies have been isolated from different orders of insects, ticks and culture soils. In recent studies, EPF isolates have been made directly from grassland soils (Bautista-Gálvez et al, 2017 ; Fernandez-Salas et al, 2020 ), investigating whether this native characteristic may influence the tickcide effect. So far, the results have been promising (Fernández-Salas et al, 2017 , 2019 ), attributing them to coexistence with ticks and the evolutionary adaptation of EPF to various nutritional substrates.…”

Section: Entomopathogenic Fungi As Livestock Tick Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control in Cattle Livestock From Mexico

Alonso-Díaz

Fernández-Salas

2021

Front. Fungal Biol.

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Ticks are one of the main economic threats to the cattle industry worldwide affecting productivity, health and welfare. The need for alternative methods to control tick populations is prompted by the high prevalence of multiresistant tick strains to the main chemical acaricides and their ecological consequences. Biological control using entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) is one of the most promising alternative options. The objective of this paper is to review the use of EPF as an alternative control method against cattle ticks in Mexico. Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) and Beauveria bassiana s.l. are the most studied EPF for the biological control of ticks in the laboratory and in the field, mainly against Rhipicephalus microplus; however, evaluations against other important cattle ticks such as Amblyomma mixtum and R. annulatus, are needed. A transdisciplinary approach is required to incorporate different types of tools, such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in order to better understand the pathogenicity/virulence mechanism in EPF against ticks. Laboratory tests have demonstrated the EPF efficacy to control susceptible and resistant/multiresistant tick populations; whereas, field tests have shown satisfactory control efficiency of M. anisopliae s.l. against different stages of R. microplus when applied both on pasture and on cattle. Epidemiological aspects of ticks and environmental factors are considered as components that influence the acaricidal behavior of the EPF. Finally, considering all these aspects, some recommendations are proposed for the use of EPF in integrated control schemes for livestock ticks.

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Section: Entomopathogenic Fungi As Livestock Tick Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control in Cattle Livestock From Mexico

Alonso-Díaz

Fernández-Salas

2021

Front. Fungal Biol.

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“…The most extensively studied entomopathogenic fungi for tick management are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium spp., the latter of which have shown the greatest effectiveness in experimental assays [ 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Among the entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis and its toxins have been extensively studied as tick-directed biopesticides [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Staphylococcus Bacteria as a Biocontrol Agent against Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks: Assessing Reproductive Inhibition and Mortality Rates

Cossio-Bayugar,

Arreguin-Perez,

Aguilar-Diaz

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Rhipicephalus microplus is a persistent ectoparasite of cattle that causes bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis, causing economic losses worldwide. Chemical treatment is the primary method for tick control, but the emergence of pesticide-resistant ticks is a major challenge. Alternative biocontrol strategies utilizing entomopathogenic microorganisms are being explored. This study aimed to validate the species identification and assess the efficacy of four strains of Staphylococcus bacteria (S. shinii S1 and S-2, S. succinus, and S. xylosus) previously reported as being entomopathogenic to R. microplus ticks. According to the bioassays, S. shinii S-1 exhibited the greatest degree of reproductive inhibition (47%), followed by S. succinus (44.3%) at a concentration of 1 × 108 cfu/mL. S. xylosus displayed decreased reproductive inhibition (6.3%). In an additional bioassay, S. shinii S-1 exhibited a significant larval mortality of 67.63%, followed by S. succinus with 66.75%, S. shinni S-2 with 64.61%, and S. xylosus with 28.18% mortality. The common signs of infection observed on these ticks included swelling, yellowish exudate on the hypostome, and reduced limb mobility and color change, except for S. succinus, which did not cause color changes. These bacteria were naturally found on bovine skin. However, further studies are needed to confirm their potential as promising alternatives or complementary agents to existing acaricidal compounds.

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“…Las garrapatas de la especie Rhipicephalus microplus son consideradas como uno de los ectoparásitos de mayor impacto sanitario y económico en las ganaderías del Ecuador y del mundo [1]. Los efectos negativos ocasionados por las garrapatas se relacionan con la disminución de la producción de leche y carne y la reducción de la ganancia de peso de los animales infestados; del mismo modo, las garrapatas participan como vectores en la transmisión de enfermedades hematozoaricas, como Anaplasmosis y Babesiosis [2,3]. Rhipicephalus microplus se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en las zonas tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the GAVAC® Immunogen and the Rational Use of Acaricides as an Alternative for an Integrated Tick Control Program in Ecuador

Rodríguez-Hidalg,

Tinoco,

Ron-Garrido

et al. 2023

espoch

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Rhipicephalus microplus one of the ectoparasites with the most significant impact on livestock health and the economy in Ecuador and globally. Controlling ticks through chemical means has been demonstrated to be ineffective, resulting in acaricide resistance and increasing costs and health problems in tropical and subtropical livestock. Several tick control alternatives have been investigated to date, showing promising results under laboratory conditions but not in field applications. The use of multiple control alternatives in a comprehensive management plan for tick control has proven to be effective in reducing tick infestation. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of immunization with the Gavac® vaccine and its effect on the rational use of acaricides. The study aimed to establish the impact of immunization on the biotic potential of Rhipicephalus microplus, the level of infestation, and the frequency of acaricidal baths. In a pilot farm, 176 bovines were vaccinated, and 30 animals were observed every 15 days for eight months, resulting in 18 observations. Observationally, a significant reduction in tick load on animals was identified, as well as a reduction in the use of acaricides by less than 10% (1 bath) compared to the farm’s estimated use. On average, acaricidal baths were administered 23 days after vaccination. The study found a statistically significant decrease in the number of ticks on the animals, the weight of the eggs, and their hatching percentage after the inclusion of the vaccination program on the farm. However, no statistically significant effect on the weight of engorged ticks was observed. In conclusion, the Gavac® vaccine has a positive observational effect on controlling the presence of ticks in animals and a negative effect on their reproductive aspects. Keywords: Rhipicephalus microplus; vaccine; bovines; acaricide control; integrated tick control program. Resumen Rhipicephalus microplus es considerado como uno de los ectoparásitos de mayor impacto sanitario y económico en las ganaderías del Ecuador y del mundo. En la actualidad, se ha demostrado que los métodos de control químico son poco eficientes y generan resistencias a los acaricidas en las garrapatas; aumentando los costos y los problemas sanitarios en las ganaderías tropicales y subtropicales. Hasta la presente fecha se han investigado varias alternativas de control para las garrapatas con buenos resultados en condiciones de laboratorio; no así, en su aplicación en el campo. El uso combinado y técnico de dos o más alternativas de control ha mostrado buenos resultados en la disminución de las garrapatas dentro de un “plan de manejo integral para el control de las garrapatas”. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la inmunización con la vacuna Gavac® y su efecto en el uso racional de acaricidas; estableciendo el impacto de la inmunización sobre el potencial biótico de Rh. microplus, el nivel de infestación y la frecuencia de los baños acaricidas. En una finca piloto se vacunaron a 176 bovinos; de los cuales, 30 animales fueron observados cada 15 días por 8 meses (18 observaciones). Observacionalmente, se identificó una reducción significativa de la carga de garrapatas en los animales; así como, una reducción del uso de acaricidas menor al 10% (1 baño) en comparación con lo estimado por la finca. El promedio por baño acaricida fue de 23 días tras la vacunación. Se obtuvo una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el número de garrapatas sobre los animales, el peso de los huevos y su porcentaje de eclosión tras la inclusión del programa en el predio. No se observó un efecto estadísticamente significativo en el peso de las garrapatas ingurgitadas. En conclusión, la vacuna tiene un efecto positivo observacional sobre el control de la presencia de las garrapatas en los animales y un efecto negativo en los aspectos reproductivos de las mismas. Palabras Clave: Rhipicephalus microplus; vacuna; bovinos; control acaricida; plan de manejo integrado.

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Control biológico de Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus con hongos entomopatógenos / Biological Control of Rhicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with Entomopathogenic Fungi

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control in Cattle Livestock From Mexico

Entomopathogenic Fungi for Tick Control in Cattle Livestock From Mexico

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Staphylococcus Bacteria as a Biocontrol Agent against Rhipicephalus microplus Ticks: Assessing Reproductive Inhibition and Mortality Rates

Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the GAVAC® Immunogen and the Rational Use of Acaricides as an Alternative for an Integrated Tick Control Program in Ecuador

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