Control Conditions in Hypnotic-analgesia Clinical Trials:<i>Challenges and Recommendations</i>

Jensen, Mark P.; Patterson, David R.

doi:10.1080/00207140590927536

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, the findings from controlled trials in other samples of patients with chronic pain support the conclusion that benefits of self-hypnosis training cannot be explained by expectancy or placebo effects alone (Jensen, Barber, Romano, Hanley, et al, 2009;. A second limitation of this study is that the specific hypnotic suggestions used did not include focus on improved function and decreased pain interference-suggestions that are now recommended for hypnotic treatments for chronic pain conditions (Jensen & Patterson, 2005;Patterson & Jensen, 2003). A larger clinical trial, now in progress, does include hypnotic suggestions to improve sleep and to decrease pain interference.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Training in self-hypnotic analgesia appears to offer a viable treatment option for many patients with chronic pain problems (Jensen, Barber, Romano, Hanley, et al, 2009;Jensen & Patterson, 2005;Montgomery, DuHamel & Redd, 2000;Patterson & Jensen, 2003). In their meta-analysis review of the effects of hypnotic analgesia for both clinical and laboratory pain, Montgomery and colleagues found that the average person treated with hypnosis obtains a greater analgesic response than 75% of individuals who are given standard care or no treatment.…”

Section: Hypnotic Analgesiamentioning

confidence: 96%

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Hypnosis Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Tan

Fukui

Jensen

et al. 2009

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant healthcare problem, and many individuals with CLBP remain unresponsive to available interventions. Previous research suggests that hypnosis is effective for many chronic pain conditions; however, data to support its efficacy for CLBP are outdated and have been limited primarily to case studies. This pilot study indicated that a brief, 4-session standardized self-hypnosis protocol, combined with psycho-education, significantly and substantially reduced pain intensity and pain interference. Significant session-to-session improvements were also noted on pain ratings and mood states; however, follow-up data suggest that these benefits may not have been maintained across time in this sample. These findings need to be replicated and confirmed in a larger clinical trial, which could also assess the long-term effects of this treatment.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Hypnotic Analgesiamentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypnosis Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Tan

Fukui

Jensen

et al. 2009

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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“…First, relaxation is not a pure placebo for hypnosis because it has some, albeit minimal effect. The risk of using a treatment with minimal effect in place of a pure placebo could result in the underestimate of the effect of hypnosis (Jensen & Patterson, 2005). Second, the absence of a group without premedication impairs the evaluation of diazepam and hypnosis results on pregnancy, but we believe that it is not ethical to withdraw a premedication which can have some positive effects on ET.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypnosis versus Diazepam for Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Controlled Study

Catoire

Delaunay

Dannappel

et al. 2013

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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Levitas et al. (2006) showed in a cohort study that hypnosis during embryo transfer (ET) increased pregnancy ratio by 76%. In order to evaluate hypnosis during ET in a general population, the authors performed a randomized prospective controlled study comparing diazepam (usual premedication) administered before ET plus muscle relaxation versus hypnosis plus placebo in 94 patients. Additionally, the authors studied anxiety pre and post ET. Anxiety scores were not different in the two groups before and after ET. No difference in pregnancy and birth ratio was found in the two groups. Hypnosis during ET is as effective as diazepam in terms of pregnancy ratio and anxiolytic effects, but with fewer side effects and should be routinely available.

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“…As has been discussed elsewhere, there is also a need for standardized procedures for testing the effects of hypnosis as well as publishing or making easily available the hypnotic protocols used [16][17][18]95]. As described above, studies have included painspecific suggestions, nonpain-related suggestions, neither type, or both.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More research is needed to better understand how suggestion types impact pain and related outcomes. Being specific as to the types of suggestions used and their relation to changes in pain-related outcomes also allows for easier replication and extension of future research [16,95].…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of pain and hypnosis for chronic pain

Dillworth

Mendoza

Jensen

2011

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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In the past decade there has been a dramatic increase in (1) understanding the neurophysiological components of the pain experiences, (2) randomized clinical trials testing the efficacy of hypnotic treatments on chronic pain, and (3) laboratory research examining the effects of hypnosis on the neurophysiological processes implicated in pain. Work done in these areas has not only demonstrated the efficacy of hypnosis for treating chronic pain but is beginning to shed light on neurophysiological processes that may play a role in its effectiveness. This paper reviews a selection of published studies from these areas of research, focusing on recent findings that have the most potential to inform both clinical work and research in this area. The paper concludes with research and clinical recommendations for maximizing treatment efficacy based on the research findings that are available. KEYWORDSHypnosis, Hypnotic analgesia, Chronic pain, Neurophysiology, Hypnotic suggestions Chronic pain, defined as pain lasting longer than 6 months [1], is a complex experience that requires multifaceted approaches for both evaluation and treatment [1,2]. Chronic pain is considered to have an underlying biological basis, for which medications and physical treatments are commonly prescribed. Medical approaches for pain relief and management include pharmacological and surgical interventions as well as physical therapy. While nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat mild pain from inflammation, opioid analgesics are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment of moderate to severe pain [2][3][4][5][6]. However, prolonged use of opioids may result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is an increased sensitivity to pain. These problems, coupled with unpleasant medication side effects, may lead to discontinuation of treatment [7]. Depending on the patient's condition and cause of pain, surgery is typically considered for the treatment of chronic pain when it is deemed medically necessary or after other treatments have failed. These include intrathecal drug delivery [8], spinal cord stimulation [9], radiofrequency ablation [10], and chemical sympathectomy [11]. One concern is that even though surgical procedures can provide pain relief, they also may permanently damage the person's ability to perceive other sensations, such as light touch and temperature changes, and can cause different pain problems to occur.Medical approaches for pain reduction are only one element of an interdisciplinary approach, since gains in physical and social functioning are important goals as well [12]. Psychosocial and neuropsychological models of chronic pain show that pain treatment cannot focus solely on the sensation of pain itself (e.g., pain intensity) but must also consider the affective (e.g., emotional suffering), cognitive (e.g., beliefs about pain) and behavioral (e.g., inactivity) responses which also impact the overall experience of pain [13][14][15]. This idea has been further supported by research ev...

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Control Conditions in Hypnotic-analgesia Clinical Trials:Challenges and Recommendations

Cited by 48 publications

References 50 publications

Hypnosis Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Hypnosis Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

Hypnosis versus Diazepam for Embryo Transfer: A Randomized Controlled Study

Neurophysiology of pain and hypnosis for chronic pain

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