Control, estimation and optimization of energy efficient buildings

Borggaard, Jeff; Burns, John A.; Surana, Amit; Zietsman, Lizette

doi:10.1109/acc.2009.5160552

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One algorithm that has been successfully employed for this purpose is the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm [35]. The detector was motorized and the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm was implemented using functions from the MATLAB program NELDER_MEAD [36]. The PMT was mounted on a three-axis translation stage (RB13, Thorlabs Inc., Newton, NJ) and each axis was equipped with an optically encoded piezoelectric actuator (Z812B, Thorlabs Inc., Newton, NJ).…”

Section: Automatic Confocal Aperture Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration

Rossi

Rangel-Fonseca

Parkins

et al. 2013

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Morgan and colleagues demonstrated that the RPE cell mosaic can be resolved in the living human eye non-invasively by imaging the short-wavelength autofluorescence using an adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscope. This method, based on the assumption that all subjects have the same longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) correction, has proved difficult to use in diseased eyes, and in particular those affected by age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this work, we improve Morgan's method by accounting for chromatic aberration variations by optimizing the confocal aperture axial and transverse placement through an automated iterative maximization of image intensity. The increase in image intensity after algorithmic aperture placement varied depending upon patient and aperture position prior to optimization but increases as large as a factor of 10 were observed. When using a confocal aperture of 3.4 Airy disks in diameter, images were obtained using retinal radiant exposures of less than 2.44 J/cm 2 , which is ~22 times below the current ANSI maximum permissible exposure. RPE cell morphologies that were strikingly similar to those seen in postmortem histological studies were observed in AMD eyes, even in areas where the pattern of fluorescence appeared normal in commercial fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images. This new method can be used to study RPE morphology in AMD and other diseases, providing a powerful tool for understanding disease pathogenesis and progression, and offering a new means to assess the efficacy of treatments designed to restore RPE health. L. Dunaief, J. Z. Baffi, and J. Ambati, "DICER1 deficit induces Alu RNA toxicity in age-related macular degeneration," Nature 471(7338), 325-330 (2011).

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Section: Automatic Confocal Aperture Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration

Rossi

Rangel-Fonseca

Parkins

et al. 2013

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…4(b) are coupled with Fig. 3 the conclusion can be drawn that the mode shift seen in the temperature standard deviation could 4 For the flow rates chosen, higher flow rates resulted in an increase in the efficiency be attributed to the increase in heating and mixing within the room. The increase in mixing causes the temperature standard deviation to decrease, thus resulting in a more homogeneous temperature distribution within the room.…”

Section: Flow Rate Analysis: Throw Diffusermentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Numerous strategies are available for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings: energy collection systems such as solar power cells can decrease the energy load in the building [12], solar water heating systems can preheat water to cover a large fraction of the heating demand [31], and materials such as aerogels and phase change materials (PCMs) can help increase the thermal resistance of building envelope components [14,15]. Control and supervision of heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can optimize the task of efficiently moving the energy through the building [4,29]. In addition, architectural design can create spaces that are both aesthetically pleasing and energy efficient [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal comparison between ceiling diffusers and fabric ductwork diffusers for green buildings

Fontanini

Olsen

Ganapathysubramanian

2011

Energy and Buildings

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Continuously increasing energy standards have driven the need for increasing the efficiency of buildings. Most enhancements to building efficiency have been a result of changes to the heating/cooling systems, improvements in construction materials, or building design code improvements. These approaches neglect the way in which air is dispersed into individual rooms or in a building -i.e., the ducting system. This opens up the possibility of significant energy savings by making ductwork systems lighter and better insulating while ensuring cost effectiveness.The current study explores this idea by comparing the performance of conventional ductwork with recent advancements in fabric-based ductwork. We focus on the transient behavior of an on/off control system, as well as the steady state behavior of the two ductwork systems. Transient, fully three dimensional validated computational (CFD) simulations are performed to determine flow patterns and thermal evolution in rooms containing either conventional or fabric ductwork. This analysis is used to construct metrics on efficiency. A number of different flow rates are examined to determine the performance over a range of operating conditions. Transient finite volume simulations consisted of over 13 million degrees of freedom for over 10,000 time steps. The simulations utilized HPC (High Performance Computing) for the large scale analysis.The results conclusively show that fabric ducting systems are superior to the conventional systems in terms of efficiency. Observations from the data show that fabric ducting systems heat the room faster, more uniformly, and more efficiently. The increase in performance demonstrates the potential benefits of moving away from conventional systems to fabric systems for the construction of green buildings: particularly in conjunction with adaptive control systems.

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“…In recent years, Burns et al [20], [21], [22] studied the optimal control of HVAC systems with linearized NavierStokes models around an arbitrary steady-state solution, and then used a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller to find the optimal solution. Their results show that PDE models, usually considered too complex for online numerical calculations, can be effectively used for building control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoned HVAC control via PDE-constrained optimization

González

2016

2016 American Control Conference (ACC)

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Abstract-Efficiency, comfort, and convenience are three major aspects in the design of control systems for residential Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units. In this paper we propose an optimization-based algorithm for HVAC control that minimizes energy consumption while maintaining a desired temperature in a room. Our algorithm uses a Computer Fluid Dynamics model, mathematically formulated using Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), to describe the interactions between temperature, pressure, and air flow. Our model allows us to naturally formulate problems such as controlling the temperature of a small region of interest within a room, or to control the speed of the air flow at the vents, which are hard to describe using finite-dimensional Ordinary Partial Differential (ODE) models. Our results show that our algorithm produces significant energy savings without a decrease in comfort.

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Control, estimation and optimization of energy efficient buildings

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration

In vivo imaging of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age related macular degeneration

Thermal comparison between ceiling diffusers and fabric ductwork diffusers for green buildings

Zoned HVAC control via PDE-constrained optimization

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