Control of air‐sea CO<sub>2</sub> disequilibria in the subtropical NE Atlantic by planktonic metabolism under the ocean skin

Calleja, María Ll.; Duarte, Carlos M.; Navarro, Núria; Agustı́, Susana

doi:10.1029/2004gl022120

Cited by 49 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The potential contribution of biological activity in the surface microlayer to air-water exchange processes is far less known. The partial pressure of CO 2 in the top layer (2 cm) of the ocean was recently reported to be linked to microbial community metabolism (Calleja et al, 2005). The consistently enhanced rates of respiration in samples collected from the surface microlayer in different coastal and offshore marine environments support this notion (Garabétian, 1990;Obernosterer et al, 2005;Reinthaler et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The chemical and biological characteristics of the surface microlayer were determined during a transect across the South Pacific Ocean in October-December 2004. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (1.3 to 7.6-fold) and nitrogen (1.4 to 7-fold), and POC:PON ratios were consistently higher in the surface microlayer as compared to surface waters (5 m). The large variability in particulate organic matter enrichment was negatively correlated to wind speed. No enhanced concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were detectable in the surface microlayer as compared to 5 m, but chromophoric dissolved organic matter was markedly enriched (by 2 to 4-fold) at all sites. Based on pigment analysis and cell counts, no consistent enrichment of any of the major components of the autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial community was detectable. CE-SSCP fingerprints and CARD FISH revealed that the bacterial communities present in the surface microlayer had close similarity (>76%) to those in surface waters. By contrast, bacterial heterotrophic production ( 3 H-leucine incorporation) was consistently lower in the surface microlayer than in surface waters. By applying CARD-FISH and microautoradiography, we observed that Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria dominated leucine uptake in the surface microlayer, while in surface waters Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria were the major groups accounting for leucine incorporation. Our results demonstrate that the microbial community in the surface microlayer closely resembles that of the surface Correspondence to: I. Obernosterer (ingrid.obernosterer@obs-banyuls.fr)waters of the open ocean. Even a short residence in the surface microlayer influences leucine incorporation by different bacterial groups, probably as a response to the differences in the physical and chemical nature of the two layers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2008

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“…Obernosterer et al (2005) observe that net community production is always negative in this layer in the Mediterranean Sea, and conclude that excess of respiration must be counterbalanced by an upward flux of organic matter to the surface. Respiration rates in the upper two centimeters much higher than at 5 m depth have been measured in the northeastern subtropical Atlantic by Calleja et al (2005). They additionally observe that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is higher at ~2 cm depth than at 5 m by typically 12 µatm, in conformity with the difference in respiration rates between these two layers.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…These specificities of FBM have at least three major important implications. First, as noted by Calleja et al (2005), concentration of life and enhanced respiration in the upper centimeters of the ocean may modify the conditions at the interface, especially for air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration of floating biogenic material in convergence zones

Dandonneau¹,

Menkès²,

Duteil³

et al. 2008

Journal of Marine Systems

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:Some organisms that live just below the sea surface (the neuston) are known more as a matter of curiosity than as critical players in biogeochemical cycles. The hypothesis of this work is that their existence implies that they receive some food from an upward flux of organic matter. The behavior of these organisms and of the associated organic matter, hereafter mentioned as floating biogenic material (FBM) is explored using a global physicalbiogeochemical coupled model, in which its generation is fixed to 1% of primary production, and decay rate is of the order of one month. The model shows that the distribution of FBM should depart rapidly from that of primary production, and be more sensitive to circulation patterns than to the distribution of primary production. It is trapped in convergence areas, where it reaches concentrations larger by a factor 10 than in divergences, thus enhancing and inverting the contrast between high and low primary productivity areas. Attention is called on the need to better understand the biogeochemical processes in the first meter of the ocean, as they may impact the distribution of food for fishes, as well as the conditions for air-sea exchange and for the interpretation of sea color.

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“…Bacterial respiration and total community respiration in the SATL were highly related (r 2 5 0.84, p , 0.001, n 5 17 and r 2 5 0.59, p , 0.01, n 5 15, data not shown), which suggests that we were able to track the generally increasing influence of microbial activity from the upwelling toward the subtropical gyre. Furthermore, high respiration rates in the SML are indicated by a study in the SATL measuring CO 2 supersaturation in the top centimeter layer (Calleja et al 2005).…”

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter and bacterial production and respiration in the sea‐surface microlayer of the open Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea

Reinthaler

Sintes

Herndl

2008

Limnology & Oceanography

124

156

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The sea-surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary layer between the ocean and the atmosphere. We measured bacterial production and respiration along with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus, inorganic nutrients, and dissolved amino acids in the SML and the underlying water (ULW) of the subtropical Atlantic gyre (SATL) and the western Mediterranean Sea (WMED). Dissolved amino acid concentrations in the SML were one order of magnitude higher than in the ULW. DON, ammonium, and nitrate were also significantly enriched in the SML as compared with the ULW. Bacterial leucine incorporation ranged between 3 and 50 pmol L 21 h 21 in the SATL and 5 and 488 pmol L 21 h 21 in the WMED and was generally not significantly different between the SML and the ULW. In contrast, bacterial respiration was significantly higher in the SML than in the ULW, varying between 3.6 and 9.5 mmol L 21 d 21 O 2 at both sites. The resulting bacterial growth efficiencies ranged between 0.1% and 14% using different leucine incorporation to carbon conversion factors. Given the high dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) yield of DOC (,12%) and of DON (,30%) in the SML, bacterial growth efficiencies in the SML were low. This indicates that the DFAA in the SML are not readily available for bacteria. The underlying mechanisms of this immobilization of DFAA in the SML and their production remain enigmatic.

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Control of air‐sea CO₂ disequilibria in the subtropical NE Atlantic by planktonic metabolism under the ocean skin

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

Concentration of floating biogenic material in convergence zones

Dissolved organic matter and bacterial production and respiration in the sea‐surface microlayer of the open Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea

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Control of air‐sea CO2 disequilibria in the subtropical NE Atlantic by planktonic metabolism under the ocean skin

Cited by 49 publications

References 9 publications

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

Biochemical characteristics and bacterial community structure of the sea surface microlayer in the South Pacific Ocean

Concentration of floating biogenic material in convergence zones

Dissolved organic matter and bacterial production and respiration in the sea‐surface microlayer of the open Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Control of air‐sea CO₂ disequilibria in the subtropical NE Atlantic by planktonic metabolism under the ocean skin