Control of air toxin particulate and vapor emissions after coal combustion utilizing calcium magnesium acetate

Shuckerow, Judith Irene; Steciak, Judi; Wise, Donald L.; Levendis, Yiannis A.; Simons, Girard A.; Gresser, Joseph D.; Gutoff, Edgar B.; Livengood, C.D.

doi:10.1016/0921-3449(95)00046-1

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Wu et al (1995) developed a multi-functional sorbent for the simultaneous removal of alkali vapour, toxic metal vapours and sulphur oxides from combustion gases in a bench-scale reactor at the 800}10003C temperature range. Shuckerow et al (1996) conducted a study to determine the e$ciency of carboxylic calcium and magnesium salts (CMA) for the simultaneous removal of air toxic particulate and vapour emissions in oxygen-lean atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

Cheng

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYThe emission of toxic metals from the combustion of fossil fuels is an important global environmental issue. Solid absorbents can be used to control the emission of toxic trace elements from coal combustion. In this paper, limestone, CaSO , bauxite, kaolinite and CaO are employed for this purpose and experiments are carried out in an electrically heated drop-tube furnace. The trace elements investigated are Pb, Cd, Cr and As. It is observed that the absorptive capacity is related to the qualities of the absorbents (type, amount and particle size) and the combustion temperature. The results also show that some absorbents can reduce SO emission simultaneously, but no in#uence on NO V emission.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

Cheng

Zeng

Zhang

et al. 2001

Int. J. Energy Res.

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“…The remaining hydrocarbon radicals then reduce NO to mainly N 2 . 23,24 These sorbents calcine to CaO, at or above ~700 ºC, forming highly porous cenospheres that react with SO 2 or with HCl according to the overall reactions…”

Section: Results From Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Shemwell

Ergut

Levendis

2002

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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An integrated approach for the simultaneous reduction of major combustion-generated pollutants from power plants is presented along with a simplified economic analysis. With this technology, the synergistic effects of high-temperature sorbent/coal or sorbent/natural gas injection and high-temperature flue gas filtration are exploited. Calcium-based (or Na-based, etc.) sorbents are sprayed in the post-flame zone of a furnace, where they react with S-and Cl-containing gases to form stable salts of Ca (or Na, etc.). The partially reacted sorbent is then collected in a high-temperature ceramic filter, which is placed downstream of the sorbent injection point, where it further reacts for a prolonged period of time. With this technique, both the likelihood of contact and the length of time of contact between the solid sorbent particles and the gaseous pollutants increase, because reaction takes place both in the furnace upstream of the filter and inside the filter itself. Hence, the sorbent utilization increases significantly.Several pollutants, such as SO 2 , H 2 S, HCl, and particulate (soot, ash, and tar), may be partially removed from the effluent. The organic content of the sorbents (or blends) also pyrolyzes and reduces NO x . Unburned carbon in the ash may be completely oxidized in the filter. The filter is cleaned periodically with aerodynamic regeneration (back pulsing) without interrupting furnace operation. The effectiveness of this technique has been shown in laboratory-scale experiments using either rather costly carboxylic salts of Ca or low-to moderate-cost blends of limestone, lime, or sodium bicarbonate with coal fines.Injection occurred in the furnace at 1150 ºC, while the filter was maintained at 600 ºC. Results showed that 65 or 40% SO 2 removal was obtained with calcium formate or a limestone/coal blend, respectively, at an entering calciumto-sulfur molar ratio of 2. A sodium bicarbonate/coal blend resulted in 78% SO 2 removal at a sodium-to-sulfur molar ratio of 2. HCl removal efficiencies have been shown to be higher than those for SO 2 . NO x reductions of 40% have been observed with a fuel (coal)-to-air equivalence ratio, φ, around 2. The filter has been shown to be 97-99% efficient in removing PM 2.5 particulates. Calculations herein show that this integrated sorbent/filter method is costeffective, in comparison with current technologies, on both capital cost ($/kW) and levelized cost ($/ton pollutant removed) bases, if a limestone/coal mixture is used as the sorbent for fossil fuel plants.Capital costs for the filter/sorbent combination are estimated to be in the range of $61-$105/kW for a new plant. Because current technologies are designed for removing one pollutant at a time, both their cost and space requirements are higher than those of this integrated technique. At the minimum projected removal efficiencies for HCl/SO 2 /NO x of about 40%, the levelized costs are projected to be $203-$261/ton of combined pollutant SO 2 /HCl/NO x and particulates removed from coalfired power pla...

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“…The results showed that OCCs have superior SO 2 and NO x capture abilities, with reductions of greater than 75%. In these studies, calcium magnesium acetate (CMA), which is the most commonly used OCC, has the best sulfur removal efficiency. ,, In this study, modified CMA (MCMA), which has a lower cost, was used as the additive. MCMA can be chemically synthesized by using a low-cost raw material obtained from industrial waste acetic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of an Organic Calcium Compound to Reduce SO₂ and NO Emissions from Sewage Sludge Combustion

2018

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To remove gas pollutant emissions from sewage sludge combustion, modified calcium magnesium acetate (MCMA) was used as an organic calcium compound (OCC) to blend with sludge. The main objective of this study was to determine the pollutant emission characteristics of sewage sludge and fuel blended with MCMA during combustion in a tube furnace. The effects of operating parameters on the mean SO2 and NO emissions and the reduction ratios of SO2 and NO were investigated. The results showed that MCMA simultaneously captured 69.9% of SO2 and 31.3% of NO at a temperature of 800 °C and a Ca/S molar ratio of 2.0. Furthermore, the Ca/S ratio and reaction temperature significantly impacted the mean SO2 emission and SO2 reduction ratio. The SO2 reduction ratio increased with increases of the Ca/S ratio and temperature. However, SO2 emission decreased with increasing Ca/S ratio but increased with increasing reaction temperature. In addition to the main effects corresponding to single factors, the interaction effect of air flow rate and Ca/S ratio was a dominant factor that affected the mean NO emission and NO reduction ratio.

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Control of air toxin particulate and vapor emissions after coal combustion utilizing calcium magnesium acetate

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Utilization of an Organic Calcium Compound to Reduce SO₂ and NO Emissions from Sewage Sludge Combustion

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Control of air toxin particulate and vapor emissions after coal combustion utilizing calcium magnesium acetate

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

The effects of solid absorbents on the emission of trace elements, SO2, and NOx during coal combustion

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO2, NOx, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Utilization of an Organic Calcium Compound to Reduce SO2 and NO Emissions from Sewage Sludge Combustion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Economics of an Integrated Approach to Control SO₂, NO_x, HCl, and Particulate Emissions from Power Plants

Utilization of an Organic Calcium Compound to Reduce SO₂ and NO Emissions from Sewage Sludge Combustion