Control of Battery Storage Systems for the Simultaneous Provision of Multiple Services

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a control framework for a battery energy storage system to provide simultaneously multiple services to the electrical grid. The objective is to maximise the battery exploitation from these services in the presence of uncertainty (load, stochastic distributed generation, grid frequency). The framework is structured in two phases. In a period-ahead phase, we solve an optimization problem that allocates the battery power and energy budgets to the different services. In the subsequent real-time phase the control set-points for the deployment of such services are calculated separately and superimposed. The control framework is first formulated in a general way and then casted in the problem of providing dispatchability of a medium voltage feeder in conjunction to primary frequency control. The performance of the proposed framework are validated by simulations and real-scale experiments, performed with a grid-connected 560 kWh/720 kVA Li-ion battery energy storage system.

Assessment of primary frequency control through battery energy storage systems

“…More efficient approaches considering dynamic programming are used in [15,16]. Multi-services provision [17] and the presence of other resources like loads or PV is studied in [18,19] by using optimization approaches (e.g. model predictive control) in order to maximize the frequency reserve capacity of the BESS.…”

Congestion management within a multi-service scheduling coordination scheme for large battery storage systems

“…[7] summarizes the combination of services present in the literature and classifies them in three categories: energy arbitrage, provision of ancillary services and the achievement of local control objectives, in which congestion management is included. [7] also proposes a model for battery sharing validated by real-time experiments in which each service has an allocated budget in power and energy. This paper investigates battery scheduling for multi-service, and in particular the coordination of congestion management with other services.…”

Modeling a Large-Scale Battery Energy Storage System for Power Grid Application Analysis

“…In [28], it has been shown that estimating the energy and power budget can be used for developing a BESS control strategy suitable for the provision of multiple services, increasing both the economics and the reliability of the performance. In [29], a method for evaluating the performance of BESS providing services (and the fitness of service for BESS) via estimating the distribution of the state of charge (SOC) and power level in operation is suggested.…”