Control of brushing variables for the in vitro assessment of toothpaste abrasivity using a novel laboratory model

Parry, Jeremy; Harrington, E.; Rees, Gareth D.; McNab, Rod; Smith, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2007.11.004

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, the brushing speed was not shown to have any significant impact on enamel and dentin abrasion [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In the in-vitro-experiment, the mean brushing forces determined in vivo were transferred to the automatic brushing machine that controls all relevant key parameters in a standardized manner [11]. In both abrasion experiments, the brushing time with the sonic toothbrushes was increased by a factor of 1.28 to account for the different length of the toothbrush heads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially on eroded enamel and dentin, toothbrushing abrasion is determined by the abrasivity [6,7] and concentration [8] of the toothpaste, but also modified by the kind of toothbrush [9,10] and the brushing force [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brushing force of manual and sonic toothbrushes affects dental hard tissue abrasion

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the brushing forces applied during in vivo toothbrushing with manual and sonic toothbrushes and to analyse the effect of these brushing forces on abrasion of sound and eroded enamel and dentin in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brushing forces of a manual and two sonic toothbrushes (low and high frequency mode) were measured in 27 adults before and after instruction of the respective brushing technique and statistically analysed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the in vitro experiment, sound and eroded enamel and dentin specimens (each subgroup n = 12) were brushed in an automatic brushing machine with the respective brushing forces using a fluoridated toothpaste slurry. Abrasion was determined by profilometry and statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Average brushing force of the manual toothbrush (1.6 ± 0.3 N) was significantly higher than for the sonic toothbrushes (0.9 ± 0.2 N), which were not significantly different from each other. Brushing force prior and after instruction of the brushing technique was not significantly different. The manual toothbrush caused highest abrasion of sound and eroded dentin, but lowest on sound enamel. No significant differences were detected on eroded enamel. CONCLUSION: Brushing forces of manual and sonic toothbrushes are different and affect their abrasive capacity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with severe tooth wear and exposed and/or eroded dentin surfaces should use sonic toothbrushes to reduce abrasion, while patients without tooth wear or with erosive lesions confining only to enamel do not benefit from sonic toothbrushes with regard to abrasion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the brushing forces applied during in vivo toothbrushing with manual and sonic toothbrushes and to analyse the effect of these brushing forces on abrasion of sound and eroded enamel and dentin in vitro.Material and Methods: Brushing forces of a manual and two sonic toothbrushes (low and high frequency mode) were measured in 27 adults before and after instruction of the respective brushing technique and statistically analysed by repeated measures ANOVA. In the in vitro experiment, sound and eroded enamel and dentin specimens (each subgroup n=12) were brushed in an automatic brushing machine with the respective brushing forces using a fluoridated toothpaste slurry. Abrasion was determined by profilometry and statistically analysed by one-way ANOVA.Results: Average brushing force of the manual toothbrush (1.6±0.3 N) was significantly higher than for the sonic toothbrushes (0.9±0.2 N), which were not significantly different from each other. Brushing force prior and after instruction of the brushing technique was not significantly different. The manual toothbrush caused highest abrasion of sound and eroded dentin, but lowest on sound enamel. No significant differences were detected on eroded enamel.Conclusion: Brushing forces of manual and sonic toothbrushes are different and affect their abrasive capacity...

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“…However, the brushing speed was not shown to have any significant impact on enamel and dentin abrasion [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brushing force of manual and sonic toothbrushes affects dental hard tissue abrasion

et al. 2012

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“…Further, calcium carbonate is due to the comparatively mild abrasive effect a frequently used abrasive in toothpastes recommended for daily use. 15 In different laboratory trials widely differing loads on the toothbrushes are applied. In agreement with the load range specified in ISO/TR 14569-1 the load pressing the brush against the specimen was set to 2 N in the present trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins

Kyoizumi

Yamada

Suzuki

et al. 2013

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: To investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. with standardized calcium carbonate slurry in a multistation testing machine (2N load, 60 Hz). After each of five cycles with 10k brushing strokes the wear depth and surface roughness of the specimens were determined. After completion of 50k strokes representative samples were inspected by SEM. Data were treated with ANOVA and regression analyses (p < 0.05). Materials and methods:Results: Abrasion of the composite resins increased linearly with increasing number of brushing cycles (r 2 > 0.9). Highest wear was recorded for VEN, lowest for VED. Hard brushes produced significantly higher wear on VEN and VEP, whereas no difference in wear by toothbrush type was detected for VED. Significantly highest surface roughness was found on VED specimens (Ra > 1.5 µm), the lowest one on VEN (Ra < 0.3 µm). VEN specimens showed increased numbers of pinhole defects when brushed with hard toothbrushes, surfaces of VEP were uniformly abraded without level differences between the prepolymerized fillers and the glass filler-loaded matrix, VED showed large glass fillers protruding over the main filler-loaded matrix portion under each condition. Conclusion:Abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins produced by toothbrushing with dentifrice depend mainly on the type of restorative resin. Hardness grades of toothbrushes have minor effects only on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. No relationship was found between abrasion and surface roughness.Clinical significance: The grade of the toothbrush used has minor effect on wear, texture and roughness of the composite resin.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] However, there is no consensus, which machine might be most suitable. Although quantifiable evaluation parameters for the extent of wear and the morphology of the worn surfaces are available, some published articles are solely descriptive and thus less suitable for reasonable estimation and prediction of the effects of toothbrushing on resin composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts

Kyoizumi¹,

Kanehira²,

Finger³

et al. 2012

World Journal of Dentistry

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of tooth brushing wear with and without calcium carbonate slurry on four commercial resin composites based on different filler concepts. Materials and methods:One nanofiller composite MI FIL (MFI, GC), one conventional hybrid type Venus (VEN) and two nanohybrid composites Venus Diamond (VED) and Venus Pearl (VEP) all from Heraeus Kulzer were examined. Forty beam-shaped specimens (12 × 3 × 3 mm) from each product were prepared and subdivided in two equal groups for pregrinding on SiC paper #600 and #4000 respectively. Ten specimens of each pre-ground group were subjected to toothbrush abrasion with calcium carbonate slurry, and 10 to toothbrushing with water only. The samples were submitted to five subsequent runs of 10,000 brushing strokes. Depth of wear and surface roughness (Ra) were measured with a profilometer after each 10 k strokes. Specimens after 50 k strokes were assessed by SEM. Additionally, the KHN (0.25 N/15 s) and the degree of conversion (DC) were determined. Data analysis was done by linear regression and ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Toothbrushing with abrasive slurry produced significantly different wear depths: VEN > MIF > VEP > VED.Linear relationships between depth of wear and number of cycles (r 2 > 0.94) were established for each material. Pregrinding with SiC #4000 resulted in less wear than pregrinding with #600. Ra figures were much higher for VED than for the other materials tested. MIF and VEN were uniformly abraded, whereas the largest glass fillers in VED protruded from the surroundings and the prepolymer particles in VEP were deeper abraded than the bulk of the material. Toothbrushing with water only revealed not measurable wear. Roughness Ra was practically unchanged when compared with the preground samples before challenging with toothbrushes. Ranking by KHN was: MIF < VEN, VEP < VED, by DC: MIF < VEN < VEP < VED. Conclusion:Filler concepts and monomer compositions affect wear and roughness of resin composites when tooth brushed with abrasive slurry. Toothbrushing without abrasive medium produced neither wear nor roughness. Careful polishing of resin composite restorations is an important determinant of wear and surface roughness.

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Control of brushing variables for the in vitro assessment of toothpaste abrasivity using a novel laboratory model

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Brushing force of manual and sonic toothbrushes affects dental hard tissue abrasion

Brushing force of manual and sonic toothbrushes affects dental hard tissue abrasion

Effects of Toothbrush Hardness on in vitro Wear and Roughness of Composite Resins

Toothbrush Abrasion of Resin Composites with Different Filler Concepts

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