Control of Citrus Greening and its Psylla Vector by Trunk Injections of Tetracyclines and Insecticides

Schwarz, R. E.; Moll, J. N.; Vuuren, S. P. van

doi:10.5070/c56189m3pk

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…All treated trees were injected with oxytetracycline (Agricul tural Terramycin, 20% active; Pfizer, Inc., New York, NY 10017). Most previous trunk injection work on citrus used relatively low concentrations (0.5 to 1.0 g/liter) and volumes (0.5 to 1.0 liter) (16,17,19,22). In earlier work (12), we observed none of the phytotoxic effects noted by others (14,22) at dosages of less than 10 g/tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, relatively high dosages of about 10 to 25 g/tree were used in this study. In most previous work, 0.5 to 1.0 liter of solution under gravity flow or low pressure was taken up in 2 to 3 hr by healthy or greening-affected trees (16,17). Thus, it is possible to inject relatively large volumes in short periods of time into healthy trees, especially when dilute solutions are used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Persistence of Trunk-injected Oxytetracycline in Blight-affected and Healthy Citrus1

Timmer

Lee

Albrigo

1982

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Blight-affected sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstock were injected with high concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) (10–30 g a.i./tree) under high pressure (1300–1700 kPa) in an attempt to induce remission of blight symptoms. OTC activity, determined by bioassay with Bacillus cereus var. mycoides, was distributed in 70–95% of the twigs sampled 3 weeks after injection. Activity persisted in the twigs and mature leaves for 3 to 5 months and in a few twigs as long as 7 to 8 months after a single injection. No activity was detected in small roots and downward movement appeared to be limited. Distribution and persistence of OTC in healthy trees was similar to that in blight trees. Trees with mild blight symptoms injected once with OTC continued to decline and had moderate to severe blight 2 years later. Of 16 healthy trees injected with OTC 4 times over 2 years, 1 became severely blighted and several others developed mild symptoms. Our trunk injection work with OTC does not support the hypothesis that blight is caused by a tetracycline-sensitive organism, but does not eliminate that possibility.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Persistence of Trunk-injected Oxytetracycline in Blight-affected and Healthy Citrus1

Timmer

Lee

Albrigo

1982

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…In the same way, Penicillin carbendazim also showed good control of psylla (Cheema et al, 1986). Injection of tetracycline hydrochloride during spring season showed the best result against the disease (Schwarz and Van Vureen, 1970).…”

Section: Chemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Citrus Greening: A Major Threat to Citrus Growers in Nepal

Pandey,

Shrestha

2023

Trop.agr.bio.

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Citrus is a high-value horticultural crop belonging to the family Rutaceae, contributing 27.27% of the total fruit area in Nepal. In recent years, citrus decline has been a multifaceted issue for most of the citrus growers, with abated production and productivity. Among the various causes of citrus decline, citrus greening is considered the most devastating, rapidly expanding, and highly incurable disease, which has wreaked havoc on the citrus industry across the globe. Citrus psylla is the major insect vector to spread this malady worldwide. There are still no proper strategies to cope with the impact of citrus greening. However, integrated pest management strategies could be adopted in Nepal like the use of tolerant rootstocks, a proper quarantine system, guava intercropping, nutrient management, the use of yellow sticky traps, and vector control methods to reduce the greening infestation in citrus trees. This study aims to review all the relevant information regarding citrus greening, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management practices that are pivotal for citrus growers.

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“…Along with making attempts to directly redress the devastation that occurred for farmers like Wat, Thida, and Ake in the wake of Typhoon Era, Santi and other members of the DOA, together with various international agricultural consults from the FAO (Schwarz, Knorr, and Prommintara 1973), and Thai-German Technical Cooperation Program (Oudejans 1999; GIZ 2016) had been conducting extensive field surveys of orchards across Thailand since the late 1980s. Amongst the conclusions were the stark observations of Roistacher (1996), who was responsible for reporting on the economics of living with citrus greening disease:…”

Section: The Rise and Decline Of Rangsit's Orchardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing Green: Plants, Pests, Pathogens, People and Pharmaceuticalisation in Thai Mandarin Orchards

Urapeepathanapong¹,

Hutchison

Chuengsatiansup

2022

MAT

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Medical professionals’ and policymakers’ fear of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has largely been directed toward antibiotic use in medicine and animal agriculture. In Thailand, however, the use of antibiotics in citrus orchards has raised some concern over their ‘appropriateness’ and there have been calls for reduction—if not complete cessation—of their usage. We explore the emergence of antibiotic use for citrus greening disease (CGD) as part of shifting assemblages of plants, pests, pathogens, and people, as well as of varying climates, technologies, and farming practices. We suggest that rather than being a threat coming from outside orchards, CGD pathogenicity repeatedly emerges from within, and in Thailand appears to have increased alongside, the intensification of agricultural practices. We document how, when antibiotics emerged in the mid-20th century, their ‘pharmaceutical efficacy’ was insufficient to trigger their widespread adoption. Rather, the pharmaceuticalisation of orchards continues to be entangled with the expansion and intensification of mandarin agriculture, and also with the affordability of antibiotics, dissemination of relevant knowledge, and availability of equipment for their injection. Current proposals to reduce antibiotic use risk not taking sufficiently seriously the importance of their role in sustaining intensive orchard practices—and profits.

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Control of Citrus Greening and its Psylla Vector by Trunk Injections of Tetracyclines and Insecticides

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Distribution and Persistence of Trunk-injected Oxytetracycline in Blight-affected and Healthy Citrus1

Distribution and Persistence of Trunk-injected Oxytetracycline in Blight-affected and Healthy Citrus1

Citrus Greening: A Major Threat to Citrus Growers in Nepal

Seeing Green: Plants, Pests, Pathogens, People and Pharmaceuticalisation in Thai Mandarin Orchards

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