Control of Codling Moth (<i>Cydia pomonella</i>) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in South Africa with Special Emphasis on Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Odendaal, D.; Addison, Matthew F.; Malan, Antoinette P.

doi:10.4001/003.023.0224

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These were recovered more likely in citrus orchards (17% recovery rate) than in deciduous fruit orchards (5-7%) (Malan and Ferreira, 2017). From their tests in controlling insect pest (Hatting et al, 2009;Hazir, 2009;Stokwe, 2009;Stokwe and Malan, 2010;de Waal et al, 2011;Van Niekerk and Malan, 2012;Odendall et al, 2015;Malan and Ferreira, 2017), they showed promising results to control T. leucotreta and B. impatient (Diptera: Sciaridae) (only tested in laboratory) in both laboratory and field plots under optimized conditions (Malan et al, 2011;Malan and Moore, 2016;Katumanyane et al, 2018). There are excellent results in C. pomonella in laboratories, but variable results in the field.…”

Section: Epn Occurrence Globally and In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1980s, research and use of EPNs as biocontrol agents were intensified (Bongers and Ferris, 1999;Adams and Nguyen, 2002). Thus, from numerous publications resulting from the plethora research efforts throughout the world and as more scientists are becoming trained in working with EPNs (Kaya et al, 2006) and the number of newly discovered EPN species is increasing Çimen et al, 2014;Nthenga et al, 2014;Cimen et al, 2015;Odendall et al, 2015;Cimen et al, 2016;Lephoto et al, 2016;Malan and Ferreira, 2017), there is an interest to conduct further research with these nematodes. Furthermore, scientists, apart from EPNs niche markets or greenhouse uses, have developed the use of EPNs in outdoor environments to control many insect pests in various crops, such as vegetable and fruit crops (Hazir et al, 2003;Stock and Hunt, 2005;Kaya et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomopathogenic nematodes, potential industrial pest control agents: A South African perspective

Lulamba¹,

Green²,

Serepa-Dlamini³

2019

J. Entomol. Nematol.

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate parasites to insects. They are natural enemies of numerous insects, which employ mutually related bacterial symbionts to rapidly kill their insect host. They are among the frequently used beneficial biocontrol agents of numerous insect pests in agriculture, forestry and health. These EPNs are continuing to constitute a great deal of interest for both scientists and industries. This is demonstrated from the breadth of research activities on EPNs in many countries throughout the world. More scientists are becoming trained in working with EPNs and the number of newly discovered EPN species is increasing. In South Africa (S.A.) although various studies have revealed an incredible richness of EPNs fauna with potential use as bio-control agents adapted to some soil texture and environmental conditions and underline the value of conducting more intensive surveys in natural and different parts of the country, few studies have been done in this area. This review gives an overview of the EPNs genera that include the main bio-control agents. The main species of EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria, interaction, associated effects on the insects' host, as well as their use and main insects' hosts range in S.A are described. In addition, their production technology is also discussed.

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Section: Epn Occurrence Globally and In South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematodes, potential industrial pest control agents: A South African perspective

Lulamba¹,

Green²,

Serepa-Dlamini³

2019

J. Entomol. Nematol.

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“…Since this first discovery, EPNs have been recovered in eight of the nine provinces of South Africa (Spaull, 1988, 1990, 1991; Grenier et al , 1996; Malan et al , 2006, 2011, 2014; Molotsane et al , 2007; Hatting et al , 2009). A current review of the control of codling moth in South Africa, with special emphasis on the use of EPNs, was undertaken by Odendaal et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With relatively strict quality control measures in place concerning the chemicals used for codling moth control, and with reduced minimum residues, the management of codling moth populations in orchards has become problematic. The withdrawal of primary chemicals that were once used for codling moth control, and the increased demand for more sustainable production than in the past, has led to the search for biological alternatives (Odendaal et al , 2015, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, relatively few studies have focused on the control of the codling moth with EPNs under field conditions, in comparison with the plethora of laboratory studies that have been undertaken in this respect. Previous field studies include those that have been done on the effect of environmental conditions, on the application technique and on the post-application conditions that are required for successful codling moth control (Lacey & Unruh, 1998; Unruh & Lacey, 2001; Lacey et al , 2006a, b, 2010; De Waal, 2008; De Waal et al , 2011a, b, 2013; Odendaal et al , 2015, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonellaL.) in field and laboratory trials

2015

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Three commercially available entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strains (Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Hb1 and Hb2) and two local species (S. jeffreyense and S. yirgalemense) were evaluated for the control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In field spray trials, the use of S. jeffreyense resulted in the most effective control (67%), followed by H. bacteriophora (Hb1) (42%) and S. yirgalemense (41%). Laboratory bioassays using spray application in simulated field conditions indicate S. feltiae to be the most virulent (67%), followed by S. yirgalemense (58%). A laboratory comparison of the infection and penetration rate of the different strains showed that, at 14°C, all EPN strains resulted in slower codling moth mortality than they did at 25°C. After 48 h, 98% mortality was recorded for all species involved. However, the washed codling moth larvae, cool-treated (at 14°C) with S. feltiae or S. yirgalemense, resulted in 100% mortality 24 h later at room temperature, whereas codling moth larvae treated with the two H. bacteriophora strains resulted in 68% and 54% control, respectively. At 14°C, S. feltiae had the highest average penetration rate of 20 IJs/larva, followed by S. yirgalemense, with 14 IJs/larva. At 25°C, S. yirgalemense had the highest penetration rate, with 39 IJs/larva, followed by S. feltiae, with 9 IJs/larva. This study highlights the biocontrol potential of S. jeffreyense, as well as confirming that S. feltiae is a cold-active nematode, whereas the other three EPN isolates tested prefer warmer temperatures.

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Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Malan

Ferreira

2017

Nematology in South Africa: A View From the 21st Century

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Control of Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in South Africa with Special Emphasis on Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Entomopathogenic nematodes, potential industrial pest control agents: A South African perspective

Entomopathogenic nematodes, potential industrial pest control agents: A South African perspective

Entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the codling moth (Cydia pomonellaL.) in field and laboratory trials

Entomopathogenic Nematodes

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