Control of Creep and Shrinkage Effects in Steel Concrete Composite Bridges with Precast Decks

Cracked span length beam element for service load analysis of steel concrete composite bridges

“…5), which are obtained by applying unit forces that correspond to the releases 1 and 2, respectively, as follows: Eqs. (16)- (18) are to be integrated for a cracked span length beam element. For a cross-section in a typical zone, considering the tension stiffening effect, S x is to be replaced by n i S x cr;i þ g i S x un .…”

“…On the other hand, category 2 methods are computationally efficient, but one or more aspects, such as progressive cracking of the concrete and tension stiffening, have been left out in some of the methods [13,14]. Furthermore, some of the methods [9][10][11][12] Another method, a hybrid procedure [15][16][17][18], considers the effects of cracking and tension stiffening; however, the formulations are cumbersome, and there is a scope for simplification.…”

State of the art on the time-dependent behaviour of composite steel–concrete structures

“…These were based on numerical solutions, mostly implemented with the finite element method, e.g. [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], on analytical solutions, e.g. [91], and on the stiffness method, e.g.…”

Shear-slip behaviour of prefabricated composite shear stud connectors in composite bridges

“…On this end, the pre-cast decks and in-site connections are gradually employed in composite bridges, which can notably accelerate the construction and minimise the effect of shrinkage and creep in the concrete deck [3]- [8].…”