Control of Early Blight Fungus (Alternaria alternata) in Tomato by Boric and Phenylboronic Acid

Martinko, Katarina; Ivanković, Siniša; Lazarević, Boris; Đermić, Edyta; Đermić, Damir

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11030320

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In an extension of this study, we investigated in vivo activity of BA and PBA against A. alternata infection of tomato plants in the same concentration ranges, which confirmed stronger prophylactic activity of PBA, in controlling early blight symptoms in test plants ( 28 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…This particularly concerns boric acid (BA), a common disinfectant ( 16 ), and its phenyl derivative, phenylboronic acid (PBA), a commercially available chemical with antimicrobial ( 17 , 18 ), antitumor ( 19 ), antibacterial ( 20 , 21 ), and antifungal properties ( 22 , 23 ) confirmed against several species of human fungi ( 24 , 25 ). PBA is not toxic to the environment ( 18 , 26 , 27 , 28 ), while boron is in fact an essential micronutrient for plants ( 29 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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In vitro antifungal effect of phenylboronic and boric acid on Alternaria alternata

Martinko

Ivanković

Đermić

et al. 2022

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The ascomycete fungus Alternaria alternata causes early blight, one of economically the most important tomato diseases. Due to frequent use of fungicides, A. alternata has developed resistance with negative economic and environmental consequences. Research of new ways to control fungal pathogens has turned its eye to environmentally friendly chemicals with low toxicity such as boronic acids. The aim of our study was therefore to test the antifungal effects of phenylboronic and boric acid in vitro on A. alternata. We isolated the pathogen from a symptomatic tomato plant and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of phenylboronic and boric acid on A. alternata mycelial growth using the poisoned food technique. The antifungal effect was tested on a wide range of phenylboronic and boric acid concentrations (from 0.04 % to 0.3 %) applied separately to agar with mycelial disc of the pathogen. After five days of incubation, phenylboronic acid at low concentration (0.05 %) completely inhibited mycelial growth. Boric acid, in turn, did not significantly slow down mycelial growth but did reduce sporulation and confirmed its fungistatic effect. Our findings point to the potential use of phenylboronic acid to control phytopathogenic fungi. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on its antifungal effect on an agriculturally important pathogen in vitro. Moreover, since A. alternata is also a human pathogen, these results may have clinical ramifications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antifungal effect of phenylboronic and boric acid on Alternaria alternata

Martinko

Ivanković

Đermić

et al. 2022

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…(Michielse and Rep, 2009;Nag et al, 2022), RLCS07-Truncatella angustata (Arzanlou et al, 2013;Wenneker et al, 2016;Sokolova et al, 2022), RLCS10-Alternaria sp. (RLCS10, De Mers, 2022; Htun et al, 2022;Martinko et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2022), RLCS22-Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Wang et al, 2022), and RLCS23-Paramyrothecium sp. (Haudenshield et al, 2018;Pinruan et al, 2022;Withee et al, 2022),.…”

Section: Implication Of Differential Sensitivity On Potential Soil-bo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-lethal fungicide concentrations both reduce and stimulate the growth rate of non-target soil fungi from a natural grassland

Cruz

Camenzind

Rillig

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Conventional agriculture has relied extensively on the use of fungicides to prevent or control crop diseases. However, some fungicides, particularly broad-spectrum fungicides, not only eliminate target pathogens but also non-target and beneficial soil microbes. This scenario is not only limited to agricultural soil, but this may also potentially occur when neighboring environments are contaminated by fungicides through spray drift. Although concentrations may be sub-lethal, the chemicals may accumulate in the soil when used continuously resulting in more toxic effects. In this study, the effect on the colony extension rate of 31 filamentous soil saprobic fungi, initially isolated from a protected grassland ecosystem, were analyzed under fungicide treatment. These isolates were considered naive (no deliberate exposure), hence presumed to have not developed resistance. Two currently used fungicides with different modes of action were added to Potato Dextrose Agar at varying concentrations. Results showed a wide range of tolerance and sensitivity to isopyrazam and prothioconazole. Fungi belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota were most negatively affected by both fungicides. Phylum Mucoromycota were the most tolerant to prothioconazole while isolates belonging to phylum Ascomycota differed in their responses to both fungicides. Negative effects on the growth rate were more pronounced at higher concentrations except for a few isolates that were inhibited at 1 mg·L−1. A slightly positive effect was also observed in three of the isolates under fungicide treatment. Lastly, the negative impact of fungicides was not associated with the growth strategy of the fungi, whether fast growing or slow growing, rather it is isolate-specific and phylogenetically conserved. The results of this study demonstrate that co-occurring fungi differ in their sensitivity to fungicides even without prior exposure. This difference in sensitivity among co-occurring fungi may result in shifts in community composition of the soil fungal community to the detriment of the more sensitive isolates.

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“…Besides being a phytopathogen, F. oxysporum has also emerged as a human pathogen [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Additionally, Alternaria alternata is an important fungal pathogen that has a wide host range, causing considerable losses in the yield of many crops [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Like F. oxysporum , the fungal pathogen A. alternata has been documented as a causal agent of human infections [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Novel Tellurium Nanorods by Gayadomonas sp. TNPM15 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments and Assessment of Their Impact on Spore Germination and Ultrastructure of Phytopathogenic Fungi

et al. 2023

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The biosynthesis of nanoparticles using green technology is emerging as a cost-efficient, eco-friendly and risk-free strategy in nanotechnology. Recently, tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) have attracted growing attention due to their unique properties in biomedicine, electronics, and other industrial applications. The current investigation addresses the green synthesis of TeNPs using a newly isolated mangrove-associated bacterium, Gayadomonas sp. TNPM15, and their impact on the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. The biogenic TeNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The results of TEM revealed the intracellular biosynthesis of rod-shaped nanostructures with a diameter range from 15 to 23 nm and different lengths reaching up to 243 nm. Furthermore, the successful formation of tellurium nanorods was verified by SEM-EDX, and the XRD pattern revealed their crystallinity. In addition, the FTIR spectrum provided evidence for the presence of proteinaceous capping agents. The bioinspired TeNPs exhibited obvious inhibitory effect on the spores of both investigated phytopathogens accomplished with prominent ultrastructure alternations, as evidenced by TEM observations. The biogenic TeNPs impeded spore germination of F. oxysporum and A. alternata completely at 48.1 and 27.6 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in DNA and protein leakage was observed upon exposure of fungal spores to the biogenic TeNPs, indicating the disruption of membrane permeability and integrity. Besides their potent influence on fungal spores, the biogenic TeNPs demonstrated remarkable inhibitory effects on the production of various plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. Moreover, the cytotoxicity investigations revealed the biocompatibility of the as-prepared biogenic TeNPs and their low toxicity against the human skin fibroblast (HSF) cell line. The biogenic TeNPs showed no significant cytotoxic effect towards HSF cells at concentrations up to 80 μg/mL, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 125 μg/mL. The present work spotlights the antifungal potential of the biogenic TeNPs produced by marine bacterium against phytopathogenic fungi as a promising candidate to combat fungal infections.

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Control of Early Blight Fungus (Alternaria alternata) in Tomato by Boric and Phenylboronic Acid

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

In vitro antifungal effect of phenylboronic and boric acid on Alternaria alternata

In vitro antifungal effect of phenylboronic and boric acid on Alternaria alternata

Sub-lethal fungicide concentrations both reduce and stimulate the growth rate of non-target soil fungi from a natural grassland

Biosynthesis of Novel Tellurium Nanorods by Gayadomonas sp. TNPM15 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments and Assessment of Their Impact on Spore Germination and Ultrastructure of Phytopathogenic Fungi

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