Control of endoreduplication domains in the Drosophila gut by the knirps and knirps-related genes

Fuss, Bernhard; Meißner, Torsten; Bauer, Reinhard; Lehmann, Corinna; Eckardt, Franka; Hoch, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00512-8

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…We found that both vvl-RNAi and kni-RNAi larvae have mildly reduced PG nuclei and cell size, which is likely to contribute to the reduced ecdysone levels in these animals. Kni has been shown to suppress endoreplication activity in the gut by regulating cell cycle genes [48]. This is in contrast to our observation indicating that loss of kni results in a reduction in the nuclei size, and hence, reduced polyploidy of the PG cells.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Control of Steroid Biosynthesis Genes in the Drosophila Prothoracic Gland by Ventral Veins Lacking and Knirps

et al. 2014

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Specialized endocrine cells produce and release steroid hormones that govern development, metabolism and reproduction. In order to synthesize steroids, all the genes in the biosynthetic pathway must be coordinately turned on in steroidogenic cells. In Drosophila, the steroid producing endocrine cells are located in the prothoracic gland (PG) that releases the steroid hormone ecdysone. The transcriptional regulatory network that specifies the unique PG specific expression pattern of the ecdysone biosynthetic genes remains unknown. Here, we show that two transcription factors, the POU-domain Ventral veins lacking (Vvl) and the nuclear receptor Knirps (Kni), have essential roles in the PG during larval development. Vvl is highly expressed in the PG during embryogenesis and is enriched in the gland during larval development, suggesting that Vvl might function as a master transcriptional regulator in this tissue. Vvl and Kni bind to PG specific cis-regulatory elements that are required for expression of the ecdysone biosynthetic genes. Knock down of either vvl or kni in the PG results in a larval developmental arrest due to failure in ecdysone production. Furthermore, Vvl and Kni are also required for maintenance of TOR/S6K and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) signaling in the PG, two major pathways that control ecdysone biosynthesis and PG cell growth. We also show that the transcriptional regulator, Molting defective (Mld), controls early biosynthetic pathway steps. Our data show that Vvl and Kni directly regulate ecdysone biosynthesis by transcriptional control of biosynthetic gene expression and indirectly by affecting PTTH and TOR/S6K signaling. This provides new insight into the regulatory network of transcription factors involved in the coordinated regulation of steroidogenic cell specific transcription, and identifies a new function of Vvl and Knirps in endocrine cells during post-embryonic development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Control of Steroid Biosynthesis Genes in the Drosophila Prothoracic Gland by Ventral Veins Lacking and Knirps

et al. 2014

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“…Kr is required for the development of the malpighian tubules and trachea [111], larval photoreceptor organs [156], muscles [157], and extraembryonic tissue [130]. kni is involved in tracheal [158], gut [159, 160], and wing-vein development [161, 162]. hkb is required for gut development [87, 95, 102].…”

Section: Gap Genes: Phenotypes Gene Structure and Protein Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gap gene network

Jaeger

2010

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

287

358

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Gap genes are involved in segment determination during the early development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as well as in other insects. This review attempts to synthesize the current knowledge of the gap gene network through a comprehensive survey of the experimental literature. I focus on genetic and molecular evidence, which provides us with an almost-complete picture of the regulatory interactions responsible for trunk gap gene expression. I discuss the regulatory mechanisms involved, and highlight the remaining ambiguities and gaps in the evidence. This is followed by a brief discussion of molecular regulatory mechanisms for transcriptional regulation, as well as precision and size-regulation provided by the system. Finally, I discuss evidence on the evolution of gap gene expression from species other than Drosophila. My survey concludes that studies of the gap gene system continue to reveal interesting and important new insights into the role of gene regulatory networks in development and evolution.

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“…In comparison, Drosophila melanogaster KNRL and KNI are also located in tandem repeat on the third chromosome and appear to show redundancy in their embryonic responsibilities (Gonzalez-Gaitan et al, 1994; Chen et al, 1998; Fuss et al, 2001). The Daphnia KNR-R1 intron-exon boundaries show highly similar gene structure between D. magna and D. pulex .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotation of the Daphnia magna nuclear receptors: Comparison to Daphnia pulex

Litoff

Garriott

Ginjupalli

et al. 2014

Gene

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Most Nuclear Receptors (NRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors crucial in homeostatic physiological responses or environmental responses. We annotated the D. magna NRs and compared them to D. pulex and other species, primarily through phylogenetic analysis. Daphnia species contain 26 NRs spanning all seven gene subfamilies. Thirteen of the 26 receptors found in Daphnia species phylogenetically segregate into the NR1 subfamily, primarily involved in energy metabolism and resource allocation. Some of the Daphnia NRs, such as RXR, HR96, and E75 show strong conservation between D. magna and D. pulex. Other receptors, such as EcRb, THRL-11 and RARL-10 have diverged considerably and therefore may show different functions in the two species. Curiously, there is an inverse association between the number of NR splice variants and conservation of the LBD. Overall, D. pulex and D. magna possess the same NRs; however not all of the NRs demonstrate high conservation indicating the potential for a divergence of function.

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Control of endoreduplication domains in the Drosophila gut by the knirps and knirps-related genes

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Transcriptional Control of Steroid Biosynthesis Genes in the Drosophila Prothoracic Gland by Ventral Veins Lacking and Knirps

Transcriptional Control of Steroid Biosynthesis Genes in the Drosophila Prothoracic Gland by Ventral Veins Lacking and Knirps

The gap gene network

Annotation of the Daphnia magna nuclear receptors: Comparison to Daphnia pulex

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