Control of Energy Balance during Egg Production in the Laying Hen

Scanes, Colin G.; Campbell, Robert M.; Griminger, Paul

doi:10.1093/jn/117.3.605

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the ingesta content of the crop increased dramatically (10.5-fold) at the beginning of the scotophase as a result of late day feeding. The crop content decreased gradually during the scotoperiod and of note feed transit time was longer during the night; this was also found by others (Cutler et al, 2005;Duve et al, 2011;Scanes et al, 1987). These authors speculated that the storage of feed in the crop, its gradual release and the increased food transit time at night resulted in the majority of the bird's nocturnal energy needs being met.…”

Section: Feed Residency In the Cropsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Feed intake may or may not be high immediately after lights come on, and increases again prior to lights going off (Buyse et al, 1993;Schwean-Lardner et al, 2014). Early morning feeding can be rationalised by hunger associated with the extended period of time during darkness, but when not seen may be attributed to the capacity of the crop to store feed for an extended period of time and therefore a lack of hunger (Scanes et al, 1987). The late day increase in feed intake is anticipatory and takes time for birds to learn after first being exposed to a dark period.…”

Section: Feed Residency In the Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The importance of the crop is often underestimated in poultry production. In addition to storing ingested feed, it also can impact nutrient digestion by digesta softening and the initial activity of feed (endogenous and exogenous) and microbial enzymes. The crop represents the first major defence against poultry pathogens and zoonotic organisms with well established adaptive and innate immune function, and a lactobacilli dominated microbiota capable of reducing the passage of these organisms further along the digestive tract. However, the potential to improve bird productivity and health, as well as affect meat and egg safety, are influenced by the nature of the diet, and in particular feed entry and extended presence in the crop. This is required to promote lactobacilli fermentation, the production of lactic acid and other volatile fatty acids, and the lowering of crop pH. Management practices such as meal feeding and the use of lighting programs with extended dark periods encourage crop utilisation. Further, the use of feed additives such as prebiotics and probiotics may enhance crop function, which in turn contributes to well-being of the entire digestive tract. A healthy and functional crop, along with other segments of digestive tract, has increased importance in an era of reduced antibiotic use in poultry feeds.

show abstract

Section: Feed Residency In the Cropsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Feed Residency In the Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the crop in poultry production

Classen

Apajalahti

Svihus

et al. 2016

World's Poultry Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The accumulation of protoporphyrin has been reported to induce oxidative stress by generating superoxid, and to lead to an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes to avoid oxidative damage (Afonso et al 1999). During the laying period, the metabolism of the oviduct, including the shell gland, is very active, and thus large amounts of reactive oxygen species are produced (Scanes et al 1987). The deposition of high amounts of protoporphyrin into the eggshell may indicate a female's oxidative tolerance to a sustained elevated level of this prooxidant in the blood and uterus, and thus a high capacity of the antioxidant system of the female (Moreno and Osorno 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Darker eggshell spotting indicates lower yolk antioxidant level and poorer female quality in the Eurasian Great Tit (Parus major)

Hargitai

Herényi

Nyíri

et al. 2016

The Auk

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Protoporphyrin pigment causes the red-brown eggshell colors; however, for many species, the function of this pigment is unknown. It has been proposed that eggshell pigmentation may strengthen the shell or that it may be a sexually selected signal, which advertises the quality of the female and that of her offspring to the male parent. In this study, we aimed to discover whether protoporphyrin-based eggshell pigmentation patterns of Eurasian Great Tits (Parus major) were related to female or egg quality. Additionally, we tested whether different methods of eggshell pigmentation estimation could be reliable predictors of eggshell protoporphyrin levels. We found that spot intensity, spot size, spotting coverage, and brown spot chroma indicated the protoporphyrin pigment concentration of the eggshell. Our results revealed that Eurasian Great Tit females that laid eggs with darker pigmentation had more lymphocytes in their circulation and had paler yellow breast and lower UV plumage reflectance, possibly indicating poorer health and individual quality. However, we did not find evidence that eggshell pigmentation patterns indicated the body condition, body size, or plasma oxidative status of females. Furthermore, we found that eggs with darker spots contained lower concentrations of antioxidants in the yolk. High protoporphyrin levels may be detrimental to females as they may cause oxidative damage, and this may be why birds that laid eggs with darker spots deposited lower amounts of antioxidants into the egg yolk. Shell spot darkness may also indicate territory quality, as females that laid smaller clutches also laid eggs with higher eggshell pigmentation levels. Thus, our results suggest that shell spot darkness may indicate the state of health of the female, egg yolk antioxidant level, and possibly also the quality of the territory. Keywords: eggshell color, female condition, lymphocyte count, plumage coloration, protoporphyrin pigmentation, oxidative status, sexual signalling hypothesis Manchas má s oscuras de la cá scara de huevo indican un nivel má s bajo de antioxidantes y una menor calidad de la hembra en Parus major RESUMEN El pigmento protoporfirina causa el color marrón rojizo de la cáscara de huevo; sin embargo, para muchas especies, la función de este pigmento es desconocida. Se ha propuesto que la pigmentación de la cáscara de huevo fortalece la cáscara o que puede ser una señal seleccionada sexualmente, la cual publicita la calidad de la hembra y la de sus polluelos al macho paterno. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue determinar si el patrón de pigmentación de la cáscara de huevo basado en protoporfirina de Parus major estuvo relacionado a la calidad de la hembra o del huevo. Además, evaluamos si diferentes métodos de estimación de la pigmentación de la cáscara de huevo podrían ser predictores confiables del nivel de protoporfirina en la cáscara de huevo. Encontramos que la intensidad de las manchas, el tamaño de las manchas, la cobertura de las manchas y el color marrón de las manchas indica...

show abstract

“…These authors hypothesized that the reduced feed intake in sequential feeding combined with eventual similar performance to conventional feeding suggests that body fat deposition would be lowered to balance the energy requirement for egg production (Scanes et al, 1987). When birds consume more energy than is required for maintenance, growth and egg production, the excess energy is deposited as fat, which in turn increases BW (Smith, 1973).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Faruk

Bouvarel

Mallet

et al. 2011

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The impact of sequential feeding of whole or ground wheat on the performance of layer hen was investigated using ISABROWN hens from 19 to 42 weeks of age. In addition, the effect of reduced dietary energy content of a complete diet was also investigated. Four treatments were tested. Whole wheat was alternated with a protein-mineral concentrate (balancer diet) in a treatment (sequential whole wheat: SWW), while another treatment alternated ground wheat (sequential ground wheat: SGW) with the same balancer diet. The control (C) was fed a complete layer diet conventionally. Another treatment (low energy: LE) was fed a complete diet conventionally. The diet contained lower energy (10.7 v. 11.6 MJ/kg) compared to the C. Each treatment was allocated 16 cages and each cage contained five birds. Light was provided 16 h daily (0400 to 2000 h). Feed offered was controlled (121 g/bird per day) and distributed twice (2 3 60.5 g) at 4 and 11 h after lights on. In the sequential treatment, only wheat (whole or ground) was fed during the first distribution and the balancer diet during the second distribution. Left over feed was always removed before the next distribution. The total feed intake was not different between SWW and SGW, but the two were lower than C (P , 0.05). Wheat intake was however, lowered with SGW compared to SWW (P , 0.05). Egg production and egg mass (EM) were not different between treatments. Egg weight was lower with SGW than with SWW (P , 0.05), but the two were similar to C. Body weight (BW) was lowered (P , 0.01) with SGW relative to SWW and C, SWW BW being also lower than the C one. The efficiency of egg production was increased (P , 0.01) with the SWW and SGW relative to the control. Birds fed LE had higher feed intake (P , 0.05) but they had similar egg production and EM compared to the two sequential treatments. The efficiency of feed utilization was also reduced (P , 0.01) with LE compared to SWW and SGW. It was concluded that sequential feeding is more efficient than conventional feeding. In addition, whole wheat appeared more efficient than ground wheat in terms of egg and BW.

show abstract

Control of Energy Balance during Egg Production in the Laying Hen

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

The role of the crop in poultry production

The role of the crop in poultry production

Darker eggshell spotting indicates lower yolk antioxidant level and poorer female quality in the Eurasian Great Tit (Parus major)

Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About