Imidazole-based donor–acceptor materials are well
known
for their polarity-controlled trade-off phenomenon between the localized
excitation-based short-wavelength (SW) emission in nonpolar solvents
and charge transfer dominated long-wavelength (LW) emission in polar
solvents. To attain concurrent SW- and LW-based dual-emission characteristics,
a series of imidazole-based donor–acceptor fluorophores (CBImDCN,
TPImDCN, PZImDCN) possessing different electron-donating groups such
as carbazole, triphenylamine, and phenothiazine linked via the N-position
of the imidazole core unit were synthesized and verified by NMR and
mass spectroscopic techniques. As a result, the strong donating TPImDCN
and PZImDCN exhibited dual emission in different solvents of varying
polarity, covering the blue (SW) and green/orange (LW) regions. On
the other hand, in contrast, only an SW emission band is observed
with the weak donating CBImDCN. Moreover, PZImDCN shows panchromatic
emission under 365 nm illumination, while only orange color emission
is observed under visible light excitation, revealing two different
origins of SW and LW emissions, as also evidenced from DFT calculations.
Overall, this work reveals a new approach for attaining concurrent
SW and LW emission characteristics from imidazole-based D–A
materials and sheds light on the design and development of novel panchromatic
emitters with intriguing properties for lighting and display applications.