Control of Gastric Emptying and Motility

Cooke, Allan R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(75)80295-2

Cited by 168 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In turbot feeding on whole prey organisms, the principal means of control over evacuation appears to be by inhibition of the processes leading to chyme production. The cessation of digestion for 8.5 h after an initial surge of evacuation of high energy (high lipid) material resulting from the digestion of sprats in Experiment B appears to be an extreme example of reflex inhibition and is in line with observations that high lipid levels inhibit gastric evacuation (Cooke, 1975;Hunt, 1975). Such marked inhibition was not observed in turbot fed on lower energy (lower lipid) sandeels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The effects of food type, meal size and body weight on digestion and gastric evacuation in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

Bromley

1987

Journal of Fish Biology

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Experiments were conducted on a size range of turbot using whole prey organisms. Stomach contents were serially sampled at intervals after feeding on a range of meal sizes of sandeels and sprats. Gastric evacuation was essentially linear with time, though some fluctuations were observed. Control over evacuation appeared to be by regulation of the processes leading to chyme production. Close agreement between evacuation rate and the satiation feeding rate of fish in laboratory experiments was observed. Implications of these findings for techniques of estimating the feeding rates of natural fish populations are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The effects of food type, meal size and body weight on digestion and gastric evacuation in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

Bromley

1987

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…The explanation of Paintal (1973) to account for distension of the pyloric antrum 'that contraction of the stomach starting in the body and fundus would distend the pyloric antrum thereby stimulating the endings' is not tenable in the light of subsequent research. The consensus of opinion is that the corpus is a distensible food reservoir, whilst the antrum provides the motive force for stomach emptying (for reference see Cooke, 1975). The physical properties of the antrum and corpus, the distribution of the distending fluid and the pattern of discharge of the antral receptors described in this paper does not support Paintal's (1973) view.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Vagal afferent discharge from mechanoreceptors in different regions of the ferret stomach.

Andrews¹,

Grundy²,

Scratcherd³

1980

The Journal of Physiology

162

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SUMMARY1. The rate and volume of gastric filling was estimated in conscious ferrets by measuring the amount of milk they would drink after an overnight fast. The mean volume was 94-5 + 7-5 ml. at a rate of 13-0 + 0 74 ml./min. An intragastric infusion rate of 10 ml./min to a total of 50 ml. was selected as a standard distension stimulus.2. Action potentials were recorded from single gastric afferent fibres in the cervical vagus. All but two of thirty-six afferent units were tonically active when the stomach was deflated.3. Afferent fibres arising from receptors in the antrum showed modulation in phase with spontaneously occurring antral contractions. Afferent fibres from the corpus and fundus, however, discharged at irregular rates between 0 35 and 7-5 Hz with no correlation with the intragastric pressure rises associated with the antral contractions.4. Inflation of the stomach with 50 ml. 0-9 % NaCl at a rate of 10 ml./min stimulated antral motility and the rhythmic afferent discharge from the antrum was enhanced Receptors in the corpus and fundus increased their rate of discharge with increasing gastric volumes. Receptors in the region between the antrum and the corpus had the property of both types so that they responded to both distension and contractions.5. On distension with 0-9 % NaCl, fluid is distributed unevenly in the stomach. 80 % was accommodated in the corpus and fundus, the remainder of the fluid entering the antrum.6. The tension was measured in strips of stomach wall taken from corpus and antrum. For equal increments of stretch the development of tension was greater in the antral than in corpus strips. This physical property together with neurally mediated receptive relaxation of the corpus is the reason for the fluid distribution described above.7. It is concluded that the properties of the tension receptor are determined by their site in the stomach. Those in the body and fundus signal the degree of distension and those in the antrum signal information concerning the amplitude, rate and duration of antral contractions.

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“…Somatostatin inhibits gastric acid secretion [30] and it may be that the reduced endogenous gastric secretion accelerates emptying. Neurotensin [3 13, gastrin [32] and possibly GIP [33] have physiological roles in delaying gastric emptying and the reduced concentrations of these hormones may also contribute to more rapid gastric emptying.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intravenous somatostatin and motilin on the blood glucose and hormonal response to oral glucose

Long

Christofides

Fitzpatrick

et al. 1982

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Exogenous intravenous infusions of control saline, somatostatin, motilin and somatostatin and motilin together were compared in normal volunteers for their effects on the rise of blood glucose following 50 g oral glucose and for their effects on gastric emptying and plasma hormone concentrations. All regulatory peptide infusions increased the rate of gastric emptying by between 182% and 198% at 60 min post-ingestion. The glucose response during the oral glucose tolerance test was suppressed when somatostatin with or without motilin was infused but was increased during motilin. The somatostatin infusion reduced concentrations of motilin, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, gastrin and neurotensin whilst the motilin infusion was associated with an increased initial rise in insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide. The metabolic effects of the motilin infusion were overriden by the effects of somatostatin when both peptides were infused together; this suggests that somatostatin inhibits both the effects and secretion of motilin.

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Control of Gastric Emptying and Motility

Cited by 168 publications

References 66 publications

The effects of food type, meal size and body weight on digestion and gastric evacuation in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

The effects of food type, meal size and body weight on digestion and gastric evacuation in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus L.

Vagal afferent discharge from mechanoreceptors in different regions of the ferret stomach.

Effects of intravenous somatostatin and motilin on the blood glucose and hormonal response to oral glucose

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