Control of Light Transmission through Opaque Scattering Media in Space and Time

Aulbach, Jochen; Gjonaj, Bergin; Johnson, Patrick; Mosk, Allard; Lagendijk, Ad

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.103901

Cited by 254 publications

(229 citation statements)

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“…This is now becoming possible thanks to recent advances on the spatiotemporal control of optical wave fields through random media [65][66][67] . Two of these demonstrations 65,66 relied on the optimization a pulse's peak intensity after it had propagated through a complex medium, either by heterodyne interferometry (Fig. 3c) or by using a two-photon fluorescent material.…”

Section: Controlling the Time And Frequency Degrees Of Freedommentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

et al. 2012

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Section: Controlling the Time And Frequency Degrees Of Freedommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current experiments [65][66][67] control either the frequency domain or the spatial domain, but not both. An optical TRM will open up an entirely new class of time-reversed optics experiments, yielding new fundamental insights into wave-scattering phenomena [22][23][24]27,121 .…”

Section: Applications and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling waves in space and time for imaging and focusing in complex media

et al. 2012

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“…In all these experiments, the efficiency of the focusing, i.e. the signal to background ratio of the obtained spatiotemporal shape relative to the background speckle, scales linearly with the number of controllable degrees of freedom, here the number of controlled segments on the SLM [26]. It also depends on the number of different spatial targets [8,14], tem- poral targets and on the number of spectral degrees of freedom N ω [42].…”

Section: Fig 2 (Color Online)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore spatial and temporal distortions can be both compensated using wavefront shaping techniques. This approach allows the temporal compression of an ultrashort pulse at a given position by iteratively optimizing the input wavefront [26][27][28], or alternatively by using digital phase conjugation [29]. Another technique consists in shaping only the spectral profile of the pulse at the input, to compensate the temporal distortion induced by the medium [30].…”

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Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Light through a Multiple Scattering Medium with the Multispectral Transmission Matrix

et al. 2016

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We report broadband characterization of the propagation of light through a multiply scattering medium by means of its Multi-Spectral Transmission Matrix. Using a single spatial light modulator, our approach enables the full control of both spatial and spectral properties of an ultrashort pulse transmitted through the medium. We demonstrate spatiotemporal focusing of the pulse at any arbitrary position and time with any desired spectral shape. Our approach opens new perspectives for fundamental studies of light-matter interaction in disordered media, and has potential applications in sensing, coherent control and imaging.Propagation of coherent light through a scattering medium produces a speckle pattern at the output [1], due to light scrambling by multiple scattering events [2]. The phase and amplitude information of the light are spatially mixed, thus limiting resolution, depth and contrast of most optical imaging techniques. Ultrashort pulses, generated by broadband modelocked lasers, are very useful for multiphotonic imaging and non-linear physics [3][4][5]. In the temporal domain, an ultrashort pulse is temporally broadened during propagation in a scattering medium, due to the long dwell time within it [6,7], which therefore limits its range of applications.However, this scattering process is linear and deterministic. Therefore, one can control the input wavefront to design the output field. In this respect, spatial light modulators (SLMs) offer more than a million degrees of freedom to control the propagation of coherent light. These systems have played an important role in the development of wavefront shaping techniques to manipulate light in complex media. Iterative optimization algorithm [8][9][10] and phase conjugation methods [11,12] have been proposed to focus light at a given output position, an essential ingredient for imaging. An alternative method for light control is the optical transmission matrix (TM). The TM is a linear operator that links the input field (SLM) to the output field (CCD camera) [1,13]. The measurement of the TM allows imaging through [15] or inside a scattering medium [16], and potentially access mesoscopic properties of the system [17].The possibility of shaping the pulse in time is also essential for coherent control [18]. Temporally, photons exit a scattering medium at different times, giving rise to a broadened pulse at its output [7,19]. Temporal spreading of the original pulse is characterized by a confinement time τ m [20] related to the Thouless time [21]. Equivalently, from a spectral point of view, the scattering medium responds differently for distinct spectral components of an ultrashort pulse, with a spectral correlation bandwidth ∆ω m ∝ 1/τ m , giving rise to a very complex spatio-temporal speckle pattern [22][23][24][25]. With a single SLM, one can manipulate spatial degrees of freedom to adjust the delay between different optical paths. Therefore spatial and temporal distortions can be both compensated using wavefront shaping techniques. This approach allows th...

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“…Owing in particular to the inability to measure electric fields directly in the temporal domain at higher frequencies, an optical domain time-reversal experiment remains elusive; yet the ability to measure and shape femtosecond electric fields in the spectral domain nevertheless offers the opportunity of a route to the same goal. Exploiting the coupling of the spatial and spectral modes in the scatterer: recent experiments have also demonstrated a temporal focusing through shaping of the spatial mode [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%