Control of lupin flower initiation by vernalization, photoperiod and temperature under controlled environment

Abstract

Controlled environment studies of the effects of vernalization, photoperiod, and growing period temperatures were carried out on selected cultivars of four annual Lupinus species. All responded to both vernalization and photoperiod to varying degrees, and in at least two there were indications of an additional effect of growing period temperatures specifically on flower initiation. Flower initiation in L. angustifolius was found to be controlled mainly by its vernalization requirement, with subsidiary control by photoperiod. In L. cosentini vernalization, photoperiod, and an acceleration of initiation by high temperatures all appeared to play important roles, with critical control by photoperiod under short days. L. luteus responded strongly to both vernalization and photoperiod, but long days were able to substitute for vernalization to a marked degree. The results are discussed in the context of the ecology of lupins and the breeding of new crop cultivars.

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on flowering and yield components of lupin genotypes in the field

“…Possible effects of ambient temperature on initiation other than via vernalization, as suggested by Gladstones and Hill (1969) The effect of enhanced photoperiod was particularly strong in L. luteus, especially in the first sowing. This confirms the delay to initiation of L. luteus caused by mid-winter photoperiods, and also that enhanced photoperiod can largely substitute for the modest vernalization requirement of the species, as shown under controlled conditions by Rahman and Gladstones (1972). The earliness gene xe in L. cosentini, when uncomplicated by vernalization requirement, markedly reduced delay in flowering under short photoperiod (table 3), thus confirming the earlier reports of Gladstones and Hill (1969) and Rahman and Gladstones (1972).…”

“…Insofar as comparisons are possible, the responses of flowering time to temperature and photoperiod agreed with the earlier findings of Gladstones and Hill (1969) and Rahman and Gladstones (1972). Possible effects of ambient temperature on initiation other than via vernalization, as suggested by Gladstones and Hill (1969) The effect of enhanced photoperiod was particularly strong in L. luteus, especially in the first sowing.…”

“…This confirms the delay to initiation of L. luteus caused by mid-winter photoperiods, and also that enhanced photoperiod can largely substitute for the modest vernalization requirement of the species, as shown under controlled conditions by Rahman and Gladstones (1972). The earliness gene xe in L. cosentini, when uncomplicated by vernalization requirement, markedly reduced delay in flowering under short photoperiod (table 3), thus confirming the earlier reports of Gladstones and Hill (1969) and Rahman and Gladstones (1972). The remaining genotypes and species showed moderate responses to photoperiod.…”

Diversity in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Landraces from Northwest Iberianplateau

“…Another aspect that must be considered when an autumn sowing accession is sowed in spring is that vernalization is shorter or even absent. It has been broadly probed that vernalization in lupin accelerates flowering (Rahman and Gladstones 1972;Van der Meyer et al 1991). However great genotypic differences in reaction to temperature and also photoperiod have been described (Rahman and Gladstones 1972;Reeves et al 1977;Keeve et al 2000) and therefore the effect of seeding date should be analyzed for each individual genotype, what exceeds the objectives of this work.…”

“…It has been broadly probed that vernalization in lupin accelerates flowering (Rahman and Gladstones 1972;Van der Meyer et al 1991). However great genotypic differences in reaction to temperature and also photoperiod have been described (Rahman and Gladstones 1972;Reeves et al 1977;Keeve et al 2000) and therefore the effect of seeding date should be analyzed for each individual genotype, what exceeds the objectives of this work. There was no information in the passport data about the sowing date of #18, but the phenology was most similar to the autumn sowing accessions than to the spring sowing ones, it could be adapted to autumn sowing, and this might be the reason for the delayed phenology.…”