Control of melting and electrode metal transfer in CO₂welding

A new method to control heat and mass transfer to work piece in a GMAW process

“…These variables, unlike the previous ones, are directly related to G, H, and weld quality. D bdb is selected as the controlled output because its regulation results in retaining of the metal transfer mode, regulating droplets transfer, and smoothing the weld bead surface [9,10]. To control P c , MR, and D bdb , wire speed S, open circuit voltage V oc , and torch velocity (to approach to work piece) v c are manipulated.…”

Estimation and control of droplet size and frequency in projected spray mode of a gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process

“…The metal transfer in the GMAW process is described as molten droplet transfer from the welding wire to the work piece [3]. It plays a dominant role in stabilizing the arc, reducing the spatter and fumes, and smoothing the weld appearance [4][5][6]. The metal transfer in a GMAW process occurs in three main modes, called the short-circuiting mode, the globular mode, and the spray mode.…”

“…Several factors affect the transfer mode [16]. Some effective factors such as the arc voltage and welding current are generally controlled to retain a specific metal transfer mode 0019 [4,16]. There are some classical works in the control of metal transfer mode and droplet size reported in literature (see, for example, [15,[17][18][19]).…”

Controlling the process of mechanised carbon dioxide welding using the parameters of electrode metal transfer

“…In this case, the required quality of operations and stability of the process with the minimum possible losses of electrode metal through burnout and splashing can be assured at a specific ratio of the short-circuiting time and the cycle of electrode metal transfer. 15 This specific optimum ratio is fulfilled in the electrode metal transfer cycle at a specific optimum correspondence between arc voltage and welding current.…”