Control of Mercury Emissions from a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Japan

Takaoka, Masaki; Takeda, Nobuo; Fujiwara, Takeshi; Kurata, Masato; Kimura, Tetsuo

doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470831

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, more recently, this anticipated growth is being moderated in part by improved coal preparation and combustion technologies [ Carmichael et al , 2002]. Municipal waste incineration extensively practiced in Japan [ Takaoka et al , 2002] is an additional source of anthropogenic emissions. Also contributing to atmospheric mercury at these regional scales are geothermal sources (volcanoes in Japan; Nakagawa [1999]) and advected wildfire plumes known to contain mercury species [ Brunke et al , 2001; Friedli et al , 2001a, 2003a, 2003b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE‐Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications

et al. 2004

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We report on mercury in the atmosphere of east Asia (Japan, Korea, and China) as measured from sea level to ∼7000 m during 16 research flights in the National Science Foundation (NSF)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C‐130 aircraft during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE‐Asia) campaign (http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/aceasia/). The air at all altitudes contained concentrations of atmospheric mercury above the global background. The atmosphere was highly stratified with plumes originating from massive dust storms carried out of China, from local industrial pollution, from volcanoes, and, less well defined, from biomass burning. Most often the air masses were mixtures, e.g., dust layers contained anthropogenic emissions or volcanic plumes were embedded in anthropogenic pollution; thus the total data set showed no significant correlations of gaseous mercury with the most common anthropogenic pollutants in the area (CO and SO2), but good correlations were observed for identifiable plumes. Highest mixing ratios for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) were found in industrial plumes exiting China (∼6.3 ng/m3), Korea (∼3 ng/m3), and Japan (∼3 ng/m3). The core of the plume from Miyake Jima volcano contained ∼3.7 ng/m3 of GEM. Crustal mercury was also present, emitted and subsequently deposited during the outbreak of the spring dust storms. Some of the nondust aerosols contained soluble mercury in highly variable ratios with the gas‐phase mercury contained in the same plume. Preliminary estimates for the export from China are 5–15 t of crustal mercury during the dust storms, ∼150 t/yr of gas‐phase mercury from biomass/biofuel combustion, and ∼600 t/yr from industrial sources, mostly from coal combustion. Gaseous mercury is a useful tracer for industrial, volcanic, and biomass‐burning sources, but in most cases, robust plume identification required one or more cotracers. Because of the inertness of GEM and the ease of its measurement it is well suited for the tracking of long‐range transport.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE‐Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications

et al. 2004

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“…Figure 3 shows the effect of inlet mercury concentration on the Hg 0 of the oil palm EFB activated carbon with varying water bath temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) in order to get the different value of inlet mercury concentration. According to previous research, the adsorption capacity of mercury increased as the inlet mercury concentration increased [4,14,15]. In this study, with an increase in inlet mercury concentration from 0.05 mg/L (30°C) to 0.07 mg/L (40°C), mercury removal efficiency at 90°C increased from 55 to 92 % and continue rising to 98 % when the water bath temperature is increased to 50°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Mercury Removal in Simulated Flue Gas by Oil Palm EFB Activated Carbon

et al. 2015

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This study investigated the effects of simulated flue gas temperature and mercury inlet concentration on the mercury removal efficiency using activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) which is prepared using physical (steam) activation method. The elemental, proximate, porous structure and particle size were performed for the oil palm EFB activated carbon. At low temperature, performance of activated carbon showed a good potential for adsorption of mercury. However, as temperature increase from 90 to 180°C, the efficiency of mercury was found to be decreased from 92 to 64 %. When the inlet mercury concentration was increased, the mercury removal efficiency is increased from 55 to 98 %. It was observed that mercury removal was favoured at lower temperature, such as 30 and 90°C and higher mercury concentration, such as 0.192 ppm for virgin oil palm EFB activated carbon.

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“…Hg concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 82.7 µg/Nm 3 . When the concentration was normalised by 12% O 2 to compare the concentration to municipal solid waste incinerator flue gas, the total averaged mercury concentration was 17.8 µg/Nm 3 , which was higher than that in stack gas of a municipal solid waste incinerator (Takaoka et al, 2002). This is because the O 2 concentration is so high (15.8-20.8%) that the concentration normalised by 12% O 2 becomes high.…”

Section: Mercury Concentration In Crematory Flue Gasmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mercury emission from crematories in Japan

Takaoka

Oshita

Takeda³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions have a significant impact on global pollution. Therefore, finding uncharacterised sources and assessing the emissions from these sources are important. However, limited data are available worldwide on mercury emissions from crematories. In Japan, 99.9% of dead bodies are cremated, which is the highest percentage in the world, and more than 1600 crematories are in operation. We thus focused on emissions from crematories in Japan. The number of targeted facilities was seven, and we used continuous emission monitoring to measure the mercury concentrations and investigate mercury behaviour. The total mercury concentrations in stack gases were a few µg/Nm 3 (normal cubic meters). Considering the time profile of mercury and its species in cremations, the findings confirmed that the mercury in stack gas originated from dental amalgam. The amount of mercury emissions was calculated using the total concentration and gas flow rate. Furthermore, the annual amount of mercury emission from crematories in Japan was estimated by using the total number of corpses. The emission amount was considerably lower than that estimated in the United Kingdom. From statistical analyses on population demographics and measurements, future total emissions from crematories were also predicted. As a result, the amount of mercury emitted by crematories will likely increase by 2.6-fold from 2007 to 2037.

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Control of Mercury Emissions from a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator in Japan

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE‐Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications

Mercury in the atmosphere around Japan, Korea, and China as observed during the 2001 ACE‐Asia field campaign: Measurements, distributions, sources, and implications

Mercury Removal in Simulated Flue Gas by Oil Palm EFB Activated Carbon

Mercury emission from crematories in Japan

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