Control of Mycobacterium bovis infections and the risk to human populations

Wedlock, D. Neil; Skinner, Margot A.; Lisle, Geoffrey W. de; Buddle, Bryce M.

doi:10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01562-9

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…M. tuberculosis is the most significant pathogen for humans in Europe and America, whereas M. africanum is widely distributed among African patients (4,15). Both subspecies of M. bovis are reported to infect humans, yet they have a broad host range, including wildlife and domestic livestock like bovines and goats (12,26). Of particular interest is the intrinsic resistance of M. bovis subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Usefulness of the GenoType MTBC Assay for Differentiating Species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Cultures Obtained from Clinical Specimens

Richter

Weizenegger²,

Fahr³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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(17,23,24,25). Although the species are closely related genetically, they differ in host and geographic range, certain phenotypes, and pathogenicity. M. tuberculosis is the most significant pathogen for humans in Europe and America, whereas M. africanum is widely distributed among African patients (4, 15). Both subspecies of M. bovis are reported to infect humans, yet they have a broad host range, including wildlife and domestic livestock like bovines and goats (12,26). Of particular interest is the intrinsic resistance of M. bovis subsp. bovis against pyrazinamide, one of the first-line antituberculous drugs (11,17). The vaccine strain M. bovis BCG is more frequently used for bladder cancer immunotherapy and can be detected in human urine specimens from bladder cancer patients (2, 6). Thus, for those specimens, the isolation of M. tuberculosis complex is not necessarily an indication for antituberculous treatment. Therefore, rapid differentiation to the species and subspecies levels should be obtained not only for epidemiological purposes but also for adequate treatment of each patient.So far, rapid identification of the M. tuberculosis complex has been achieved by using AccuProbe gene probes (Gen-Probe, San Diego, Calif.), which target the 16S rRNA. However, species identification still relies on the determination of a series of phenotypic and growth characteristics and on biochemical tests, which all require sufficient growth, are time-consuming, and may not be performed in every laboratory (5, 25). Recently, the GenoType MTBC (Hain Lifescience GmbH, Nehren, Germany)-a new commercially available DNA strip assay for the rapid identification of the members of the M. tuberculosis complex-was evaluated by use of a well-characterized collection of M. tuberculosis complex isolates and was proven to be useful for species differentiation (20). Moreover, due to the inclusion of an M. tuberculosis complex-specific oligonucleotide, this test may replace the AccuProbe tests of cultures from clinical specimens as a method for identification of the M. tuberculosis complex, giving the additional information provided for the species involved.The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of the GenoType MTBC with positive liquid cultures from clinical specimens received for mycobacterial culture in comparison to species identification by classical methods. Furthermore, the GenoType MTBC results were compared to results obtained by AccuProbe tests.Specimens. Two German microbiology laboratories were involved in this study: (i) the National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany, and (ii) the Department of Microbiology of the Laboratory Group, Heidelberg, Germany. All samples used in this study originated from human specimens and a few veterinary specimens sent to the laboratories for routine mycobacterial culture. Specimens (pulmonary and extrapulmonary) were processed according to national and international guidelines (5, 10) by using an N-acetyl-L-cysteineNaOH decontamination procedure, inoculated into B...

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confidence: 99%

Usefulness of the GenoType MTBC Assay for Differentiating Species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Cultures Obtained from Clinical Specimens

Richter

Weizenegger²,

Fahr³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Tuberculosis in humans caused by M. tuberculosis or M. bovis is indistinguishable clinically, radiologically and pathologically [171]. In countries where bovine tuberculosis is uncontrolled, or in developed countries before strict control campaigns and milk pasteurisation, most human cases occur in young persons and result from drinking contaminated milk.…”

Section: Human Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a small number of cases still occur in elderly people as a result of reactivation of dormant infections [171].…”

Section: Human Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, further development is required before this strategy could be used to control mycobacterial infections. Reviews of vaccine approaches to control the disease in wildlife reservoirs are available [18,74,171]. Efforts have to be maintained to ameliorate existing diagnosis assays and to improve new diagnosis tests that could more specifically detect the early phase of infection.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Biet¹,

et al. 2005

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-Pathogens that are transmitted between the environment, wildlife, livestock and humans represent major challenges for the protection of human and domestic animal health, the economic sustainability of agriculture, and the conservation of wildlife. Among such pathogens, the genus Mycobacterium is well represented by M. bovis, the etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis, M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis (Map) the etiological agent of Johne disease, M. avium ssp. avium (Maa) and in a few common cases by other emergent environmental mycobacteria. Epidemiologic surveys performed in Europe, North America and New Zealand have demonstrated the existence and importance of environmental and wildlife reservoirs of mycobacterial infections that limit the attempts of disease control programmes. The aim of this review is to examine the zoonotic aspects of mycobacteria transmitted from the environment and wildlife. This work is focused on the species of two main groups of mycobacteria classified as important pathogens for humans and animals: first, M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, which belongs to the M. tuberculosis complex and has a broad host range including wildlife, captive wildlife, domestic livestock, non-human primates and humans; the second group examined, is the M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) which includes M. avium ssp. avium causing major health problems in AIDS patients and M. avium ssp. paratuberculosis the etiological agent of Johne disease in cattle and identified in patients with Crohn disease. MAC agents, in addition to a broad host range, are environmental mycobacteria found in numerous biotopes including the soil, water, aerosols, protozoa, deep litter and fresh tropical vegetation. This review examines the possible reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment and in wildlife, their role as sources of infection in humans and animals and their health impact on humans. The possibilities of control and management programmes for these mycobacterial infections are examined with regards to the importance of their natural reservoirs.

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“…106(1): 9-15, February 2011 Sputum smear microscopy is the most cost-effective method of screening for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and is used in most developing countries where culturing is usually impossible (Collins & Grange 1983, Daborn & Grange 1993, Cosivi et al 1995, Roxo 1997, Wedlock et al 2002. When primary isolation of mycobacteria is performed, Löwenstein-Jensen medium containing glycerol is the most widely available and is used for tuberculosis culture that generally does not support growth of field strains of Mycobacterium bovis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on amplification and sequencing of the oxyR pseudogene from stored Ziehl-Neelsen-stained sputum smears in Brazil

Silva

Guimarães

Oliveira

et al. 2011

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Control of Mycobacterium bovis infections and the risk to human populations

Cited by 82 publications

References 81 publications

Usefulness of the GenoType MTBC Assay for Differentiating Species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Cultures Obtained from Clinical Specimens

Usefulness of the GenoType MTBC Assay for Differentiating Species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Cultures Obtained from Clinical Specimens

Zoonotic aspects of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC)

Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex based on amplification and sequencing of the oxyR pseudogene from stored Ziehl-Neelsen-stained sputum smears in Brazil

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