Control of Phosphorus Discharges: Present Situation and Trends

Balmér, Peter; Hultman, Bengt

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3109-1_18

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…With separate systems, however, there is usually no treatment available for urban runoff at any time. Studies on urban runoff in Cincinnati, USA have shown losses of 1 kg P/ha/ann and 9 kg N/ha/ann (Weibel, 1969), similar to figures quoted elsewhere (Owens, 1970;Balmer and Hultman, 1988) and is about two orders of magnitude less than the content of raw sewage.…”

Section: Urban and Point Sources Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Two activated sludge tanks in series, each with a contact time of 2-5 hours, the first anaerobic and the second aerobic, provide the simplest process. This can be modified by the addition of an anoxic tank which facilitates nitrogen removal (Balmer and Hultman, 1988), or by making the phosphorus removal a side-stream process which gives greater control and flexibility (Tetreault et al, 1986).…”

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Biological phosphorus removal methods are relatively recent and their cost-effectiveness has not yet been evaluated. Chemical methods can more easily be assessed and an example of costs for total and per kilogram P removal, for Sweden in 1986 (Balmer and Hultman, 1988), is given in Fig. 7.2 and Table 7.1.…”

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Costs are approximately 10-30% in addition to the costs of treatment to the secondary stage. The relative merits of different processes and chemicals have been reviewed by Balmer and Hultman (1988) from the widespread experience of their use in several mainland European countries. Effluent concentrations below 1 mg PII are readily achieved and lower concentrations (to 0.2 mg/l) can be reached by addition of a filtration step which removes particulate phosphorus at the end of the process.…”

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eutrophication of Freshwaters

Wood¹,

Harper²

1992

231

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Section: Urban and Point Sources Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phosphorus Removal Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eutrophication of Freshwaters

Wood¹,

Harper²

1992

231

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“…Chemical treatment is a well-established technology used to control P in applications such as point-source discharges (Balmer and Hultman 1988), stormwater retention basins (Babin et al 1992) and sealing sediments in lakes (Cooke et al 2005). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing phosphorus release from newly flooded organic soils amended with calcium silicate slag: a pilot study

Chimney

Wan

Matichenkov

et al. 2007

Wetlands Ecol Manage

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A pilot study was conducted using commercially available forms of calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ) slag as a soil amendment to reduce phosphorus (P) release from an organic soil after flooding. Broadcasting CaSiO 3 slag on top of the soil reduced the flux of soil P up to 84% compared to an unamended soil control. However, incorporation of CaSiO 3 slag into the soil was only minimally effective at reducing P release. These materials have a potential use in the construction of treatment wetlands in south Florida. Further work is needed to better define reaction mechanisms, investigate the long-term treatment efficacy of these materials and address other environmental questions concerning their use.

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Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

Morée

Beusen

Bouwman

et al. 2013

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

162

113

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[1] This paper presents a global model-based country-scale quantification of urban N and P mass flows from humans, animals, and industries and their waste N and P discharges to surface water and urban waste recycling in agriculture. Agricultural recycling was practiced commonly in early twentieth century Europe, Asia, and North America. During the twentieth century, global urban discharge to surface water increased~3.5-fold to 7.7 Tg yr -1 for N and~4.5-fold to 1.0 Tg yr -1 for P; the major part of this increase occurred between 1950 and 2000. Between 1900 and~1940, industrial N and P flows dominated global surface water N and P loadings from urban areas; since~1940, human wastes are the major source of urban nutrient discharge to both surface water and agricultural recycling. During the period 1900-2000, total global recycling of urban nutrients in agriculture increased from 0.4 to 0.6 Tg N yr -1 and from 0.07 to 0.08 Tg P yr -1. A large number of factors (the major ones related to food consumption, urban population, sewer connection, and industrial emissions) contribute to the uncertainty of À18% to +42% for N and À21% to +45% for P around the calculated surface water loading estimate for 2000.

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Control of Phosphorus Discharges: Present Situation and Trends

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Eutrophication of Freshwaters

Eutrophication of Freshwaters

Minimizing phosphorus release from newly flooded organic soils amended with calcium silicate slag: a pilot study

Exploring global nitrogen and phosphorus flows in urban wastes during the twentieth century

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