Control of Plant Development by Reactive Oxygen Species

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging as important regulators of plant development. There is now abundant evidence that ROS play roles in cell growth and that spatial regulation of ROS production is an important factor controlling plant form. Here we will review evidence that supports a role for ROS in development, but first we will define what we mean by development. The body of the vascular plant sporophyte (diploid life cycle stage) is derived from meristems and much of the action of development occurs where organs are formed in and around meristems (Martienssen and Dolan, 1998). Organogenesis, the development of organs, involves an early patterning stage that roughs out boundaries where the organs will form. Within these boundaries, groups of founder cells divide and growth occurs, leading to the formation of structures containing arrays of differentiated cells. There are two major contributors to growth: First, there is cell division, which increases the number of cells in an organ; second, there is expansion of those cells. The huge increase in volume in plant cells as they transit from the founder population in and around meristems to the differentiated cells of the mature organ means that cell growth is an important component of plant development (Sugimoto-Shirasu and Roberts, 2003). Recent discoveries suggest that ROS may control development through their role in regulating cell growth. NADPH OXIDASES GENERATE ROS INVOLVED IN DEVELOPMENTROS that have been shown to play a role in development are produced by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) that generate the superoxide radical (O 2 c 2

Impacts of methyl jasmonate and phenyl acetic acid on biomass accumulation and antioxidant potential in adventitious roots of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex Benth., a high valued endangered medicinal plant

“…The involvement of elicitors in root growth in the present study may be attributed to the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in response to elicitors treatment at low level. ROIs such as (-OH) are usually produced by NADPH Oxidase (NOX) in the plant cells, result in wall loosening, cell extension and thus elongation and growth of roots (Gapper and Dolan 2006;Liszkay et al 2004). However, higher amount of elicitor specifically Me-J strongly inhibits root growth and thus decrease biomass accumulation (Thanh et al 2005).…”

The mutual responses of higher plants to environment: Physiological and microbiological aspects

“…Abiotic and biotic stress factors have some common signal and responding pathways in plants and thereby can be utilized potentially by cross-signaling [14,93,118,119]. Further, sessile plants have to get alone with the dynamics of changing environmental conditions and have the flexibility for responding to these complicated changes [10,11,15,16], and this has to be achieved at the various stages of plant development [23,24,37,40,47,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. Considering the interacting complexity (at least including water movement, solute transport, information exchange, ion homeostasis regulation, and other related physi-chemical changes) between plants and their surroundings, it is important to understand physiological functions for higher plants under environment.…”

Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major players in stress conditions and in developmental signaling (Mittler et al, 2004;Gapper and Dolan, 2006). Among the best studied processes involving ROS are biotic interactions, notably responses to pathogens during which ROS production has been implicated in various defense processes, such as cell death initiation, as well as phytoalexin production and systemic acquired resistance (Dietrich et al, 1994;Lamb and Dixon, 1997;Torres et al, 2006;Van Breusegem and Dat, 2006).…”