Control of Plant Organ Size

Egea‐Cortines, Marcos; Weiß, Julia

doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0003363.pub2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A proper flower shape and size requires correct floral organ identity as mutations in genes affecting organ identity strongly affect cell division and expansion (Delgado‐Benarroch et al ., ; Dornelas et al ., ; Egea‐Cortines and Weiss, ; Manchado‐Rojo et al ., ). A model for floral development was originally proposed with the so‐called A, B and C combinatorial functions (Coen and Meyerowitz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Aintegumenta as a gene to modify floral size in ornamental plants

Manchado-Rojo

Weiß

Egea‐Cortines

2014

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary The gene AINTEGUMENTA (AtANT) is an APETALA2 transcription factor in Arabidopsis activating growth downstream of auxin signalling. Lateral organ size is positively correlated with ANT expression in Arabidopsis. We tested the use of AtANT as a tool to modify floral size in two different plants used as model organisms and ornamental crops, Petunia × hybrida and Antirrhinum majus. Petunia plants expressing PhANT RNAi showed a decrease in PhANT expression correlated with smaller petal limbs. In contrast Petunia plants overexpressing AtANT had larger petal limbs. Petal tube length was less affected in down‐regulation of PhANT or overexpression of AtANT. Overexpression of AtANT in Antirrhinum caused increased flower size via increased petal limb width and tube length. Down‐regulation of PhANT showed an effect on cell size while overexpression of AtANT in Petunia and Antirrhinum caused significant increases in cell expansion that could explain the differences in floral organ size. The endogenous expression levels of PhANT and AmANT tended to be higher in the limb than in the tube in both Antirrhinum and Petunia. AtANT overexpression caused significant AmANT up‐regulation in Antirrhinum limbs but not of PhANT in Petunia, indicating differences in the regulatory network. The differential effect of AtANT on limb and tube in Petunia and Antirrhinum correspond to phenotypic differences observed in natural variation in the corresponding genus indicating a relation between the phenotypic space of a genus and the effect of modified ANT levels, validating ANT as a gene to modify floral size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Aintegumenta as a gene to modify floral size in ornamental plants

Manchado-Rojo

Weiß

Egea‐Cortines

2014

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…Petal morphogenesis occurs in several stages with an initial stage of cell division followed by a further stage in which growth occurs by cell expansion. That growth mode is common in Arabidopsis, Antirrhinum, Gerbera and Petunia indicating that it is a general growth characteristic of that organ (Egea-Cortines and Weiss, 2013).…”

Section: Floral Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A proper flower shape and size requires correct floral organ identity as mutations in genes affecting organ identity strongly affect cell division and expansion (Egea-Cortines and Weiss, 2013;Delgado-Benarroch et al, 2010;Manchado-Rojo et al, 2012). A model for floral development was originally proposed with the so-called A, B and C combinatorial functions .The A function is fulfilled in Arabidopsis by the APETALA1 and APETALA2…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instruments of functional genomics for the improvement of flower characteristics in ornamentals

Rojo¹

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This present work aims to explore the technique of reverse genetics for the improvement of ornamental plants. For this purpose we have developed an Antirrhinum majus transformation protocol. The development of a genotyping assay for Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Escherichia coli lab strains based on DNA melting profiles of a 23S rDNA fragment has been of great help in the process of elaborating the transformation assay, since cross contamination of Agrobacterium tumefaciens stocks with Escherichia coli are difficult to identify by microbiological techniques, leading to false negative results in transformation experiments. For the improvement of ornamental plants, we concentrated on the study of genes that affect mostly the floral development in two species which are traditionally used as a model plants, but at the same time are of high economic interest, Antirrhinum majus, and Petunia x hybrida. We investigated the levels of DEFICIENS and GLOBOSA at late stages of petal development in the Antirrhinum majus mutants compacta, deficiens nicotianoides and globosa-1. We show that the threshold levels of DEF or GLO to obtain petal tissue are roughly 11% of wild-type. Our results demonstrate that at late stages of petal development, the B function transcriptional network topology is not based on positive autoregulation and has additional components of transcriptional maintenance. We also tested the use of AINTEGUMENTA as a tool to modify floral size in our two model plants, Petunia x hybrida and Antirrhinum majus. Downregulation of PhANT showed an effect on cell size while overexpression of AtANT in Petunia and Antirrhinum caused significant increases in cell expansion that could explain the differences in floral organ size. The differential effect of AtANT on limb and tube in Petunia and Antirrhinum correspond to phenotypic differences observed in natural variation in the corresponding genus indicating a relation between the phenotypic space of a genus and the effect of modified ANT levels, validating ANT as a gene to modify floral size. major genomes of animals, microorganisms and plants (Harris et al., 2004). The Gene Ontology Consortium (Consortium, 2001) has created three extensive ontologies to describe molecular functions, biological processes, and cellular components, and providing a community database resource that supports the use of these ontologies:-Biological process ontology: describes the sets of molecular events with a defined beginning and end, pertinent to the function of integrated living units such as cells, tissues, organs and organism. The biological process ontology may be inferred based on phylogenetic tools due to 2.5. CRISPR/CAS (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) This technique is based on the defence mechanism in prokaryotes (Horvath and Barrangou, 2010), similar to RNAi in eukaryotes (Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2010). CRISPRs are short palindromic repeats in the prokaryotic genome, followed by short fragments of spacer DNA, which are integrated after a virus infection...

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Plant Organ Primordia

Campbell¹,

Adams²

2020

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The shoot apical meristem (SAM) in plants is composed of totipotent cells that generate the major plant organs including leaves and flowers. Within the SAM synthesis and movement of auxin creates a hormonal flux. In production of leaf primordia, the hormonal flux alters a series small ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that impact the expression of homeotic genes. This results in the generation of a WUSCHEL/CLAVATA feedback loop that generate niches that result in the placement of leaf primordia. This placement of leaf primordia generates the overall phyllotaxis and nodal architecture that defines the major plant body. In perennial plants, seasonal cues alter primordia development resulting in shifts between true leaves and bud scales creating the overwintering meristem. How the transition between bud scales and leaf primordia occurs in unclear. Key Concepts The initiation of leaf primordia at nodes is regulated by an auxin gradient within the SAM. A series of homeotic genes are associated with both SAM formation and establishment of leaf primordia and leaf organ symmetry including Knotted1, WUSCHEL‐RELATED Homeobox 1 and CLAVAT‐type (CLV) homoeotic genes. Small RNAs play a critical role in the developmental processes associated with the SAM development. Auxin flux is directed by PIN1 transporter polarity controlled by MONOPTEROS . Responses to seasonal variation alter leaf primordia development.

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Control of Plant Organ Size

Cited by 5 publications

References 92 publications

Validation of Aintegumenta as a gene to modify floral size in ornamental plants

Validation of Aintegumenta as a gene to modify floral size in ornamental plants

Instruments of functional genomics for the improvement of flower characteristics in ornamentals

Plant Organ Primordia

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