Control of pore size distribution of silica gel through sol-gel process using inorganic salts and surfactants as additives

Porous Materials

“…cationic surfactant with negatively charged silica leading to the formation of aggregates by their hydrophobic interaction. The small mesopores were postulated to form by the removal of surfactant upon calcination [126]. Although these authors did not give the precise mechanism of mesopore formation, later studies of the synthesis of mesoporous silica molecular sieves [127][128][129][130] using surfactants confirm their results.…”

“…Various inorganic salts and surfactants were used [126] to control the pore size distribution of silica gels using the procedure shown in Figure 4.56. The addition of inorganic salts led to a decrease in gel surface area and decreased the formation of mesopores.…”

Enhancing the Thermal Conductivity of the Heat Exchanger in a Noncompressive System as a Means of Energy Efficiency Improvement of the System

“…Another study (Murakata et al 1992) reported that specific surface area and pore volume were decreased and the average pore size changed to mesopore or macropore size when raising the additive concentration of metal salts. The reason given was that the additive affects the electric double layer of the silica sol and then influences the growth of the silica sol particles and the structure of the silica gel.…”

Effect of annealing on fluorescence of Ce3+-doped silica prepared by sol-gel process

“…10 The mixture solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate, ethanol, and deionized water (molar ratio, 1:4:15) was stirred and catalyzed by HCl until pH ≈ 2. Then an appropriate amount of CeCl 3 aqueous solution was introduced into the mixture solution during stirring of the solution.…”