Control of Postharvest Pathogens and Colonization of the Apple Surface by Antagonistic Microorganisms in the Field

Leibinger, Wolfgang; Breuker, Barbara; Hahn, Matthias; Mendgen, Kurt

doi:10.1094/phyto.1997.87.11.1103

Cited by 164 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Numerous authors have evaluated the efficacy of BCAs against post-harvest diseases under field conditions over a single year (Benbow and Sugar 1999;Chand-Goyal and Spotts 1996;Leibinger et al 1997), and highly variable results have been obtained in multi-year field experiments where a BCA against B. cinerea was applied (Kovach et al 2000, Sutton et al 1997Tronsmo and Dennis 1977). Ippolito and Nigro (2000) stressed that successful pre-harvest application of an antagonist depends on many factors such as rain, wind, temperature, and relative humidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, effective biocontrol has been achieved by applying the biocontrol agent (BCA) after harvest by dipping or drenching (Jijakli et al 2002). Pre-harvest application of BCAs has scarcely been studied (Benbow and Sugar 1999;Leibinger et al 1997), although it shows high potential for pathogen biocontrol under practical conditions (Teixidõ et al 1999). As most BCAs of post-harvest apple pathogens have been isolated from the apple surface, they should be able to adapt to the environmental conditions existing on this surface (chemical treatment, sun light, rain, dry conditions).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Pichia anomala (strain K) efficacy against blue mould of apples when applied pre- or post-harvest under laboratory conditions and in orchard trials

et al. 2008

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The yeast Pichia anomala strain K was selected in Belgium from the apple surface for its antagonistic activity against post-harvest diseases of apples. The efficacy of this strain against P. expansum was evaluated in the laboratory in three scenarios designed to mimic practical conditions, with different periods of incubation between biological treatment, wounding of fruit surface, and pathogen inoculation. Higher protection levels and higher final yeast densities were obtained when the applied initial concentration was 1×10 8 cfu ml −1 than when it was only 1×10 5 cfu ml −1 . The protection level correlated positively with the yeast density determined in wounds and was influenced by apple surface wetness. In orchard trials spanning two successive years, biological treatment against P. expansum, based on a powder of P. anomala strain K (1×10 7 cfu ml −1 ), β-1,3-glucans (YGT 2 g l −1 ), and CaCl 2 .2H 2 0 (20 g l −1 ), was applied to apples pre-or post-harvest under practical conditions and its effect compared with standard chemical treatments. The first year, the highest reduction (95.2%) against blue decay was obtained by means of four successive fungicide treatments and the next-highest level (87.6%) with pre-harvest high-volume spraying of the threecomponent mixture 12 days before harvest. The second year, the best results were obtained with post-harvest Sumico (carbendazim 25% and diethofencarb 25%) treatment and post-harvest biological treatment, both by dipping the apples, 88.3 and 56.3% respectively. A density threshold of 1×10 4 cfu cm −2 of strain K on the apple surface seemed to be required just after harvest for high protective activity, whatever the method and time of application. In the case of pre-harvest biological treatments, variations in meteorological conditions between the 2 years may have considerably affected strain K population density and its efficacies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Pichia anomala (strain K) efficacy against blue mould of apples when applied pre- or post-harvest under laboratory conditions and in orchard trials

et al. 2008

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“…The classical method for quantification of the amount of a particular BCA in an environment consists in counting colony forming units on a Petri dish on a selective or semi-selective medium (Leibniger et al, 1997;Lima et al, 1999;Johnson et al, 2000;Usall et al, 2001). This method has the advantage that only living micro-organisms are quantified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a SCAR marker and a semi-selective medium for specific quantification of Pichia anomala strain K on apple fruit surfaces

Clercq

Cognet

Pujol

et al. 2003

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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A washing procedure for apple fruit surfaces, and a semi-selective medium, were developed to assess the population dynamics of Pichia anomala strain K, a biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum on fruit. The application of this plating technique allowed more than 99% recovery of strain K population on treated apples (by dipping them in a suspension of strain K at 10 7 cfu/ml). A strain K population decline of 51% was observed after 14 days of cold storage. To overcome the lack of specificity of the plating method, the RAPD technique was applied to a collection of 11 strains of P. anomala , including strain K. RAPD amplification with primer OPN13 produced a reproducible fragment of about 2000 bp, which was specific for strain K. Based on this DNA fragment, a SCAR marker of 262 bp was amplified with K1 and K2 primers for strain K as confirmed by Southern blot analysis, and was negative for a collection of 30 yeast strains including 21 P. anomala strains. A mixed monitoring method was developed and consisted of a combined plating technique on a semi-selective medium followed by a direct strain K-SCAR amplification without DNA extraction, on released DNA from resuspended white yeast colonies. This method was used on apples treated with strain K (10 7 cfu/ml) produced in Petri dishes, or in a bio-reactor (as a dry powder) with or without additives (2% CaCl 2 and 0.2% beta-1,3-glucan) previously identified to enhance the strain K efficacy against B. cinerea . The percentages of recovered white colonies identified as strain K with the use of the specific SCAR marker ranged between 91 and 100%. The population densities reached similar levels of 1.1)/10 4 and 0.7 )/10 4 cfu/cm 2 on apples, 24 h after treatment with the powder formulation, without and with the stimulating agents, respectively. In contrast, a stimulating effect of glucan and CaCl 2 on strain K population density was observed in apples treated with fresh cells produced in Petri dishes. Whatever the treatment, population densities diminished 1 week after application in cold storage conditions. #

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“…Com exceção do ensaio de Melgarejo et al (18) cuja inoculação foi por meio da introdução de pedaços de meio BDA contendo micélio+conídios dos antagonistas em incisão no ramo, nos restantes, os fungos foram aplicados por meio de pulverizações conforme as realizadas neste trabalho contribuindo para a credibilidade no método escolhido. No entanto, para um próximo trabalho os mesmos tratamentos utilizados neste experimento deverão ser avaliados em aplicações na planta inteira, para melhor entendimento das interferências do meio nos antagonistas tais como: radiação UV, dessecação, rápidas mudanças climáticas e até à baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes, além da ação de produtos químicos comumente aplicados nos pomares (11,14).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Fungos antagonistas e efeito de produtos químicos no controle da podridão parda em pomar de pessegueiro

Moreira¹,

Mio²,

Valdebenito‐Sanhueza³

2008

Summa phytopathol.

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RESUMOPara verificar a eficiência de controladores biológicos e produtos qu ímic os p ara cont role da pod ridã o pa rda , foi conduzido um experimento a campo na safra de 2002 no município da Lapa-PR, com a cultivar BR-1. O objetivo do experimento foi fazer seleção de tratamentos com controle biológico comparando-os com químicos em sistemas de manejo utilizados na região. Como tratamentos foram utilizados quatro antagonistas previamente selecionados em trabalho de pós-colheita, isolados F1, F2, F4 (Trichothecium roseum), isolado F9 (Penicillium sp) (em 16 aplicações), sistema de Produção Integrada de Pêssegos (PIP) (nove aplicações), fosfitos de Ca e de K + captan (1 1 ap lica ções ), alternân cia de fungicid as (oit o ap lica ções ), tratamento convencional da propriedade (PC) (nove aplicações), pulverizados desde a floração até a colheita, sendo a testemunha sem Moreira, L.M.; May-De Mio, L.L.; Valdebenito-Sanhueza, R.M. Fungos antagonistas e efeito de produtos químicos no controle da podridão parda em pomar de pessegueiro. Summa Phytopathologica, v.34, n.3, p.272-276, 2008 pulverização. Para avaliação, foi contado o número de frutos por ramo marcado após o raleio e no início da colheita. Para os frutos colhidos nos ramos foi determinada a incidência da doença na colheita e aos 3 e 5 dias em pós-colheita. O PIP, fosfito+captan, e isolado F4, não diferirem estatisticamente do padrão PC, e reduziram 95,5; 63,6 e 68,2%, respectivamente a doença em relação à testemunha que apresentou 44% dos frutos com podridão parda aos cinco dias. O tratamento com a alternância de fungicidas foi o melhor, e não foram observados frutos com a doença, entretanto apresentou uma redução do número de frutos entre o raleio e a colheita de 76,5% contra 50% em média dos demais tratamentos indicando um provável efeito fitotóxico.A podridão parda do pessegueiro (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) causada pelo fungo Monilinia fructicola (Wint) Honey é a principal doença desta cultura. A infecção tem início com a colonização das flores podendo progredir para os ramos, originando cancros, os quais podem fornecer inóculo para que ocorram infecções latentes em frutos imaturos e podridão nos pêssegos maduros. A partir de tais infecções ou após a ocorrência de danos causados nos frutos por insetos ou granizo, a podridão parda pode manifestar-se exibindo lesões nos períodos de pré-colheita, colheita e pós-colheita (10,13).O uso de fungicidas é o método de controle mais adotado na região ABSTRACTThe efficiency of biological controllers and chemical products in the control of brown rot was investigated in a field experiment during the 2002 growing season in the municipality of Lapa-PR. The cultivar BR1 was used in the experiment. The objective of the experiment was to select treatments with biological control by comparing them with chemical treatments in management systems used in the region. The treatments were four antagonistics previously selected in a postharvest study, the F1, F2, F4 isolates (Trichothecium roseum), F9 isolate (Penicillium sp) (in...

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Control of Postharvest Pathogens and Colonization of the Apple Surface by Antagonistic Microorganisms in the Field

Cited by 164 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of Pichia anomala (strain K) efficacy against blue mould of apples when applied pre- or post-harvest under laboratory conditions and in orchard trials

Assessment of Pichia anomala (strain K) efficacy against blue mould of apples when applied pre- or post-harvest under laboratory conditions and in orchard trials

Development of a SCAR marker and a semi-selective medium for specific quantification of Pichia anomala strain K on apple fruit surfaces

Fungos antagonistas e efeito de produtos químicos no controle da podridão parda em pomar de pessegueiro

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