1982
DOI: 10.1128/jb.151.3.1261-1268.1982
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Control of rRNA and tRNA syntheses in Escherichia coli by guanosine tetraphosphate

Abstract: The expression of stable RNA (rRNA and tRNA) genes and the concentration of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) were measured in an isogenic pair of relA+ and relA derivatives of Escherichia coli B/r. The cells were either growing exponentially at different rates or subject to amino acid starvation when they were measured. The specific stable RNA gene activity (rslr,, the rate of rRNA and tRNA synthesis relative to the total instantaneous rate of RNA synthesis) was found to decrease from 1.0 at a ppGpp concentrat… Show more

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Cited by 221 publications
(137 citation statements)
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“…From the observations that ppGpp changes the initiation pathway for P2F and P2 and, furthermore, alters the structure of one class of ternary complexes, a model can be deduced that is in accordance with general features of the RNA polymerase partitioning model [39,40]. The partitioning model suggests that two classes of interconvertible RNA polymerase exist: Class I predominates in the absence of ppGpp, and preferentially initiates at stable RNA promoters.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…From the observations that ppGpp changes the initiation pathway for P2F and P2 and, furthermore, alters the structure of one class of ternary complexes, a model can be deduced that is in accordance with general features of the RNA polymerase partitioning model [39,40]. The partitioning model suggests that two classes of interconvertible RNA polymerase exist: Class I predominates in the absence of ppGpp, and preferentially initiates at stable RNA promoters.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…Stringently controlled or inhibited promoters (e.g. those for rRNA and tRNA synthesis) contain a GC-rich discriminator sequence to which RNA polymerase binds; ppGpp interferes with this binding and prevents transcription [10]. In contrast, the discriminator regions of amino acid biosynthetic operons are AT-rich, with sequences that do not favor the binding of RNA polymerase and open complex formation.…”
Section: The Link Between Starvation Regimens and Patterns Of Transcrmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…FIS overrides inhibition of transcription by guanosine tetraphosphate in vitro Stable RNA promoters are preferentially inhibited upon amino acid starvation by the stringent response which 2488 FIS-independent activation of tyrT transcription operates at the level of transcription initiation to abolish new ribosome synthesis whilst maintaining housekeeping functions. The cellular levels of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) have been shown to be inversely related to amino acid availability (Ryals et al, 1982) rising rapidly to -1 mM concentration upon induction of the stringent response (Cashel and Gallant, 1969). This has led to the proposal of a stringent control mechanism whereby ppGpp interacts directly with RNA polymerase to induce a conformational change that prevents efficient recognition of stringent promoters.…”
Section: Effects Of Fis On Tyrt Transcription In Vitromentioning
confidence: 99%