Control of smoking in occupational epidemiologic studies: Methods and needs

Blair, Aaron; Steenland, Kyle; Shy, Carl M.; O'Berg, Maureen; Halperin, William; Thomas, Terry L.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700130102

Cited by 35 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…According to these further evaluations, our results should be interpreted cautiously, given the possibility of residual confounding. However, previous reports have found few examples of confounding by tobacco use and occupational risk of cancer (45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Elci¹,

Akpinar‐Elci²,

Blair³

et al. 2002

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Elci¹,

Akpinar‐Elci²,

Blair³

et al. 2002

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…This finding suggests either that adjustment by the ever-never use of tobacco and alcohol is completely ineffective or that odds ratios by occupation and industry are not confounded by tobacco and alcohol patterns. We do not believe there is a serious problem of residual confounding because (i) in the face of real confounding it is unlikely that ever-never adjustment would have no effect, (ii) adjustment by the level of use among the subgroup that had such information gave odds ratios nearly identical to those from the ever-never adjustment, and (iii) previous reports in the literature have found few examples of confounding of occupational cancer risks by tobacco use (42,43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupation and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Elci

Dosemeci²,

Blair³

2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Although some authors have suggested that the potential confounding effect of smoking is modest unless the smoking habits of a study population are quite extreme (Blair et al 1988), a number of methods have been proposed for assessing the impact of smoking in epidemiologic research (Axelson and Steenland 1988). If smoking rates are high, a consistent increase in all smoking related diseases might be expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impacts of pesticide exposure in a cohort of outdoor workers.

Beard

Sladden

Morgan

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

113

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We compared mortality of 1,999 outdoor staff working as part of an insecticide application program during 1935-1996 with that of 1,984 outdoor workers not occupationally exposed to insecticides, and with the Australian population. Surviving subjects also completed a morbidity questionnaire. Mortality was significantly higher in both exposed and control subjects compared with the Australian population. The major cause was mortality from smoking-related diseases. Mortality was also significantly increased in exposed subjects for a number of conditions that do not appear to be the result of smoking patterns. Compared with the general Australian population, mortality over the total study period was increased for asthma [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 3.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.39-7.10] and for diabetes (SMR = 3.57; 95% CI, 1.16-8.32 for subjects working < 5 years). Mortality from pancreatic cancer was more frequent in subjects exposed to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (SMR = 5.27; 95% CI, 1.09-15.40 for subjects working < 3 years). Compared with the control population, mortality from leukemia was increased in subjects working with more modern chemicals (standardized incidence ratio = 20.90; 95% CI, 1.54-284.41 for myeloid leukemia in the highest exposure group). There was also an increase in self-reported chronic illness and asthma, and lower neuropsychologic functioning scores among surviving exposed subjects when compared with controls. Diabetes was reported more commonly by subjects reporting occupational use of herbicides. These findings lend weight to other studies suggesting an association between adverse health effects and exposure to pesticides.

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Control of smoking in occupational epidemiologic studies: Methods and needs

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Occupational dust exposure and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Occupation and the risk of laryngeal cancer in Turkey

Health impacts of pesticide exposure in a cohort of outdoor workers.

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