Control of spasticity and involuntary movements

Technical Problems and Advances in the Cerebellar-Stimulating Systems Used for Reduction of Spasticity and Seizures

“…From February 1974 to June 1980, 300 patients were implanted and underwent CCS [8][9][10][11]. Table I details the patients' etiological factors producing spasticity and/or involuntary movements and seizures.…”

“…The equipment used w'as 2 basically different systems: (a) an external control ling transmitter and antenna which sends radio frequency pulses to an im planted radio receiver and cerebellar electrodes, and (b) a fully implanta ble constant current pulse generator and cerebellar leads. [8][9][10][11], The implanted radio receiver is driven via an overlying antenna connected to the external transmitter. Two types of radio receivers were used: (a) the 1-108 alternating-pulse type was implanted in 247 patients until May 1978, since when (b) the The radio receivers were connected to 2 cerebellar electrode pads (4 buttons E341) situated on either side of the cerebellar vermis [10].…”

Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation in Cerebral Palsy

“…[1][2][3] and Davis et al [4][5][6] independently reported satisfactory results during the past several years in a large group of patients. Sukoff and Ragatz [ 10] reported relief of posthypoxic decere brate rigidity in 2 patients.…”

“…There were 4 females and 10 males between 3 and 30 years of age. Etiology was prenatal causes (6), birth asphyxia (6), trauma (1), and encephalitis (1). After preoperative assessment, two identical four-button platinum electrodes were implanted in the paravermal area over the superior surface of the cerebellar hemispheres.…”

Cerebellar Stimulation in Four Patients with Cerebral Palsy

“…Cerebellar stimulation has been stated to be an efficacious method of treating cerebral palsy [2,3], 4 patients with cerebral palsy have had a to tal of six cerebellar stimulators implanted. They were evaluated in a blind fashion and in an open fashion with significant differences in evaluation.…”