Control of Striped Grass Loopers and Armyworms in Pasture: 1976

Spatio-temporal variation of Mocis latipes (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) populations in Brazil according to meteorological factors

“…Considering the higher latitudes sampled in this study (Table 2, Figure 1) it is important to note that even in places below the tropical line there are outbreaks with significant production losses, both in the Northern hemisphere (Vickery 1924, Watson 1933, Genung & Allen Jr. 1974, Ogunwolu & Habeck 1975, Reinert 1975, Koehler et al 1977, Minno & Snyder 2008, and in the southern hemisphere, in Argentina (Costilla et al 1973, Salvatore & Willink 2004, Acosta et al 2005, Salvatore et al 2009 and in Uruguay (Bentancourt & Scatoni 1996). However, the greater occurrence of M. latipes and outbreaks are conditioned to the hottest times of the year.…”

“…Costa 1944a, 1944b, Fonseca 1944, Pugliese 1954, Lopes 1955, 1961, Queiroz 1965, Mendonça Filho 1972, Cavalcante 1977, Planalsucar 1982, Costa et al 1983, Ferreira 1984, Ferreira & Parra 1985, Cruz 1991, Silva et al 1994, Teixeira & Townsend 1997, Correia et al 1999, Fazolin et al 2009, as well as in most countries of the American continent (e.g. Dine 1913, Bodkin 1914, Holloway 1933, Watson 1933, Fennah 1947, Dinther 1960, Guagliumi 1962, Labrador 1964, Capriles & Ferrer 1973, Costilla et al 1973, Genung & Allen Jr. 1974, Ogunwolu & Habek 1975, Koehler et al 1977, Mahadeo 1977, Hseih 1979, Calderón et al 1981, 1982, Silvain 1984, Silvain & Dauthuille 1985, Miret 1986, Jiménez et al 1997, Milán et al 1990, Portillo et al 1991, Saunders et al 1998<...>…”

“…Regarding the fact that it is one of the most predominant specimes, it is important to consider its role in natural ecosystems, especially in agroecosystems where there is a greater proportion or intensification of grass planting, including grains, forages, pastures and sugar cane (e.g. Labrador 1964, Koehler et al 1977, Calderón et al 1981, 1982, Costa et al 1983, Cruz & Santos 1983, Ferreira 1984, Silvain 1984, Silvain & Dauthuille 1985, Miret 1986, Silva & Carvalho 1986, Gibbs 1990, Milán et al 1990, Cruz 1991, Jiménez et al 1997, Teixeira & Townsend 1997, Páliz-Sánchez & Mendonza-Mora 1999, Pitre et al 1999, Vergara et al 2001, Acosta et al 2005, Salvatore et al 2009, Marquez 2013, Hickel et al 2018. Among the roles to be considered for this species, it is also considered a primary consumer, nutrient cycling promoter, food source for pests (including insects, birds and mammals), parasitoids and pathogens (Wagner et al 2011).…”

“…In relation to ecological balance promoted by the association and the presence of natural enemies, it is important to note that throughout the American continent M. latipes occurs in conjunction with other owlet moths associated with grasses, including congeneric species (Babayan et al 1975, Ogunwolu & Habek 1975, Koehler et al 1977, Brou Jr. 2004) and, specially, S. frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (e.g.…”

Susceptibility of <I>Mocis latipes</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to <I>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</I> (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)

“…For many decades, chemical pesticides have been the most practical method used by growers to control this pest (Koehler et al 1977). However, their effects on nontarget organisms, residues on food crops, groundwater contamination, and the development of insect resistance to insecticides have resulted in a search for alternative control strategies (Georgis 1992).…”