Control of Tubercular Haemoptysis by Bronchial Artery Embolization

Abstract

Thirty-seven patients presenting with massive or recurrent haemoptysis secondary to tuberculous aetiology were subjected to bronchial artery angiography. Of these, failure, to catheterize the bleeding vessel occurred in two patients while embolization was withheld in two patients due to the presence of anterior spinal artery arising from a common intercosto-bronchial trunk. Immediate arrest of bleeding was performed in the remaining 33 patients by selective embolization of the abnormal bronchial arteries with a resorbable material (Gelfoam). Regular follow up for a duration of 6 months after the procedure revealed relapse of haemoptysis in four patients; three were treated by re-embolization of the abnormal bleeding vessels while one patient died due to aspiration immediately on admission. No recurrence of bleeding was seen in the remaining 29 patients. It is concluded that bronchial artery embolization is an effective treatment for immediate control of life-threatening haemoptysis.

Percutaneous Embolotherapy for Life-Threatening Hemoptysis

“…Bronchial artery embolization has been demonstrated to be an effective means of managing these patients. 4,16 Although deaths related to massive hemoptysis are most commonly caused by asphyxiation, acute loss of blood volume leading to shock may also occur. It has been shown that the bronchial circulation, rather than the pulmonary arterial circulation, is the usual source of bleeding from areas of acute and chronic lung inflammation and scarring.…”