Control simulation and study of load rejection transient for AP1000

A Global Review of PWR Nuclear Power Plants

“…That same year, 1968, the first nuclear power plant in Spain, José Cabrera, came into operation, which had a Westinghouse PWR with 150 MWe electrical output [23], becoming the only operational 1-loop PWR around the world (Figure 7a). Following these first plants, the North American company developed in parallel throughout the 1960s and 1970s the variants PWR 2-loop ( Figure 7b Starting in the 21st century, the US company has continued to bet on PWR design, developing Generation III design AP1000, 2-loop 1150 MWe PWR ( Figure 7b) that uses the forces of nature and simplicity of design to enhance plant safety and operations and reduces construction costs [24,25]. AP1000 design continues to use prove components, and the inherent safety and simplicity of the AP600 design.…”

“…One of the most important differences between Babcock & Wilcox PWR and other PWR designs is the steam generator. The B&W PWR uses a type of steam generator called a oncethrough steam generator (OTSG), in which the heat transfer between the coolant-which enters through the top and descends inside a bundle of tubes-and the water from the supply, occurs in Starting in the 21st century, the US company has continued to bet on PWR design, developing Generation III design AP1000, 2-loop 1150 MWe PWR ( Figure 7b) that uses the forces of nature and simplicity of design to enhance plant safety and operations and reduces construction costs [24,25]. AP1000 design continues to use prove components, and the inherent safety and simplicity of the AP600 design.…”

Optimal feed-water level control for steam generator in nuclear power plant based on meta-heuristic optimization

“…In a PWR, UTSG is utilized for the purpose of removing the heat produced in the reactor and acts as a coupling between the primary and secondary circuits in the PWR. Many theoretical models of the SG have been developed (Wang, Chen, et al, 2015;Rabie & Ali, 1976). Ali's model D approach is considered in our developed model to predict the SG dynamic behavior.…”

“…The transient behavior for each lump is determined by applying both continuity (mass balance) and energy balance on each lump. The assumptions considered in this model (Wang, Chen, et al, 2015) are: one-dimension flow and no heat conduction along the axial direction of U-tubes; water and steam are considered to be saturated; heat transfer coefficients are constants; no heat transfer between the riser and no boiling in the downcomer; and the primary side coolant and the secondary side subcooled water are considered to be incompressible fluid. The primary lumps equation is presented in Eq.…”

“…The individual component models are integrated to form the overall PWR-based NPP connected to an infinite bus that represents the electrical grid as shown in Figure 6. It is established in Matlab/Simulink as a tool extensively used for dynamic system simulation and design due to its reach data handling capacity, and diversity of control systems design (Wang et al, 2014;Wang, Chen, et al, 2015).…”