Control yourself or just eat what you like? Weight gain over a year is predicted by an interactive effect of response inhibition and implicit preference for snack foods.

Nederkoorn, Chantal; Houben, Katrijn; Hofmann, Wilhelm; Roefs, Anne; Jansen, Anita

doi:10.1037/a0019921

Cited by 360 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

297

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Once again, we found that the two groups differed in their automatic hunger responses to healthy and unhealthy foods, and that of healthy (e.g., fruit) and unhealthy (e.g., candy) foods predict whether people will purchase or consume the former over the latter (Ellis, Kiviniemi, & Cook-Cottone, 2014;Prestwich, Hurling & Baker, 2011) as well as their likelihood of gaining weight across a one year period (Nederkoorn et al, 2010). Despite such findings, no published study has examined whether automatic food-related responses represent a useful determinant of food intake in clinical populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Obesity, food restriction, and implicit attitudes to healthy and unhealthy foods: Lessons learned from the implicit relational assessment procedure

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

. Electronic mail should be sent to sean.hughes@ugent.be. IRAP Food Cognition 2 AbstractIt has been argued that obese individuals evaluate high caloric, palatable foods more positively than their normal weight peers, and that this positivity bias causes them to consume such foods, even when healthy alternatives are available. Yet when self-reported and automatic food preferences are assessed no such evaluative biases tend to emerge. We argue that situational (food deprivation) and methodological factors may explain why implicit measures often fail to discriminate between the food-evaluations of these two groups. Across three studies we manipulated the food deprivation state of clinically obese and normal-weight participants and then exposed them to an indirect procedure (IRAP) and self-report questionnaires. We found that automatic food-related cognition was moderated by a person's weight status and food deprivation state. Our findings suggest that the diagnostic and predictive value of implicit measures may be increased when (a) situational moderators are taken into consideration and (b)we pay greater attention to the different ways in which people automatically relate rather than simply categorize food stimuli. The Western world is currently facing an obesity epidemic. Over the past three decades, obesity rates have exploded at an alarming rate (Finucane et al., 2011), to the point that one in three adults in the United States (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014) as well as one in five Europeans are currently overweight (WHO, 2013). As prevalence rates have grown so too have the health-related, socioeconomic, and psychological costs associated with this phenomenon (Finkelstein, Ruhm, & Kosal, 2005;Wardle & Cooke, 2005). With obesity comes an increased risk of type-II diabetes, adult heart disease, as well as several forms of cancer and premature morbidity (Reilly, et al., 2003;Wang, McPherson, Marsh, Gortmaker, & Brown, 2011). In addition to its economic burden, obesity is also associated with a host of psychosocial problems, including anxiety, depression, and social discrimination (see Puhl & Heuer, 2009; Sutin, Stephan, & Terracciano, 2015;Wang et al., 2011). If we are to design effective interventions to ameliorate or even reverse this epidemic then research will need to elucidate those factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of this phenomenon.One such factor appears to be food choice, and in particular, the excessive consumption of energy dense foods containing high levels of calories, sugars, and fat as well as the under consumption of nutrient dense foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables. Accumulating evidence suggests that obese individuals tend to consume higher levels of fats, sugars, and proteins than their normal-weight counterparts (e.g., Mai et al., 2011;McGloin et al., 2002;Nicklas, Yang, Baranowski, Zakeri, & Berenson, 2003). Several authors have sought to explain this maladaptive pattern of behavior in terms of food-related evaluations. That is, obese individuals are t...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Obesity, food restriction, and implicit attitudes to healthy and unhealthy foods: Lessons learned from the implicit relational assessment procedure

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This resulted in 30 presentations of food words in each block; 30 presentations of negative words and 12 presentations of positive words in the food + positive block; and 30 presentations of positive words and 12 presentations of negative words in the food + negative block (Nederkoorn et al, 2010;Olson & Fazio, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As used in previous research, the target category was labelled "food", and the positive and negative evaluative categories were labelled "I like", and "I dislike", respectively (Craeynest, Crombez, Haerens, & De Bourdeaudhuij, 2007;Houben & Wiers, 2007;Nederkoorn et al, 2010;Olson & Fazio, 2004). The target words included six unhealthy food words: chocolate, cake, ice-cream, chips, pizza, and hamburger and are similar to those used in previous studies (e.g., Fishbach, Zhang, & Trope, 2010;Richetin et al, 2007;Roefs, Herman, MacLeod, Smulders, & Jansen, 2005;Roefs & Jansen, 2002;Roefs et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the area of healthy eating, research has shown a correlation between a more positive implicit evaluation of unhealthy food and lab-based choice and actual purchase of unhealthy over healthy food items, higher intake of unhealthy snack food in lab-based tasks or self-report snack diaries, higher levels of weight gain, and higher BMI (Ayres, Prestwich, Conner, & Smith, 2010;Conner, Perugini, O'Gorman, Ayres, & Prestwich, 2007;Dube, 2007;Friese, Hofmann, & Wanke, 2008;Hofmann, Gschwendner, Friese, Wiers, & Schmitt, 2008;Perugini, 2005;Prestwich, Hurling, & Baker, 2011;Richetin, Perugini, Prestwich, & O'Gorman, 2007). However, not all studies have found this relationship (Czyzewska & Graham, 2008;Karpinski & Hilton, 2001;McKenna, 2010;Nederkoorn, Houben, Hofmann, Roefs, & Jansen, 2010). In fact, one study reported that obese participants showed a more negative implicit evaluation of unhealthy snack food than those in lower BMI categories (Roefs & Jansen, 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reduce temptation or resist it? Experienced temptation mediates the relationship between implicit evaluations of unhealthy snack foods and subsequent intake

Haynes

Kemps

Moffitt

et al. 2014

Psychology & Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Please cite this article as: Haynes, A., Kemps, E., Moffitt, R., and Mohr, P., 2015. Reduce temptation or resist it? Experienced temptation mediates the relationship between implicit evaluations of unhealthy snack foods and subsequent intake. Psychology & Health, 30(5) AbstractA more negative implicit evaluation of unhealthy food stimuli and a more positive implicit evaluation of a weight-management goal have been shown to predict lower consumption of unhealthy food. However, the associations between these evaluations, temptation to indulge, and consumption of unhealthy food remain unclear. The current study investigated whether temptation would mediate the relationship between implicit food and goal evaluations and consumption (resembling an antecedent-focused route to self-control of eating), or whether those evaluations would moderate the relationship between temptation and consumption (resembling a response-focused route). A sample of 156 women (17-25 years) who tried to manage their weight through healthy eating completed two implicit association tasks assessing implicit food and goal evaluations, respectively. Intake of four energy-dense snack foods was measured in a task disguised as a taste-test, and participants reported the strength of experienced temptation to indulge in the snacks offered. Negative implicit food evaluation was associated with lower snack intake, and temptation mediated this relationship. Implicit goal evaluation was unrelated to both temptation strength and snack consumption. The findings contribute to an understanding of how negative implicit unhealthy food evaluation relates to lower consumption, namely through the mediation of temptation to indulge in those foods.

show abstract

“…However, such control is impaired under certain conditions in both psychologically/neurologically typical individuals [e.g., overeating during stressful periods (2)] and those with pathological conditions [e.g., addiction (3)]. Consequently, understanding the neural circuitry supporting inhibitory aspects of cognitive control has the potential to provide key insights into a wide array of difficulties, ranging from common activities of daily life to psychiatric disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible brain network reconfiguration supporting inhibitory control

Spielberg

Miller

Heller

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to inhibit distracting stimuli from interfering with goaldirected behavior is crucial for success in most spheres of life. Despite an abundance of studies examining regional brain activation, knowledge of the brain networks involved in inhibitory control remains quite limited. To address this critical gap, we applied graph theory tools to functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected while a large sample of adults (n = 101) performed a color-word Stroop task. Higher demand for inhibitory control was associated with restructuring of the global network into a configuration that was more optimized for specialized processing (functional segregation), more efficient at communicating the output of such processing across the network (functional integration), and more resilient to potential interruption (resilience). In addition, there were regional changes with right inferior frontal sulcus and right anterior insula occupying more central positions as network hubs, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex becoming more tightly coupled with its regional subnetwork. Given the crucial role of inhibitory control in goal-directed behavior, present findings identifying functional network organization supporting inhibitory control have the potential to provide additional insights into how inhibitory control may break down in a wide variety of individuals with neurological or psychiatric difficulties. T he ability to exert cognitive control to inhibit distracting stimuli from interfering with goal-directed behavior is crucial for success in most spheres of life, including academic, occupational, health, and general well-being (1). However, such control is impaired under certain conditions in both psychologically/neurologically typical individuals [e.g., overeating during stressful periods (2)] and those with pathological conditions [e.g., addiction (3)]. Consequently, understanding the neural circuitry supporting inhibitory aspects of cognitive control has the potential to provide key insights into a wide array of difficulties, ranging from common activities of daily life to psychiatric disorders.Substantial uncertainty remains regarding the neurobiology supporting inhibitory aspects of cognitive control (4), with the majority of recent research focusing on which particular regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) are important for which specific aspects of inhibitory control. A large body of research has identified a set of brain regions that appear generally crucial for inhibitory control. For example, consistent activation was identified in several critical regions in a recent meta-analysis of studies using the color-word Stroop (5), which is a classic cognitive control probe (6) and which we use in the present study. This task indexes inhibitory control, because an individual must maintain a task set in the face of irrelevant, but prepotent, information that must be inhibited. The meta-analysis revealed a number of regions, including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), lateral PFC (e.g., BA 9/44/45/46), insul...

show abstract

Control yourself or just eat what you like? Weight gain over a year is predicted by an interactive effect of response inhibition and implicit preference for snack foods.

Cited by 360 publications

References 35 publications

Obesity, food restriction, and implicit attitudes to healthy and unhealthy foods: Lessons learned from the implicit relational assessment procedure

Obesity, food restriction, and implicit attitudes to healthy and unhealthy foods: Lessons learned from the implicit relational assessment procedure

Reduce temptation or resist it? Experienced temptation mediates the relationship between implicit evaluations of unhealthy snack foods and subsequent intake

Flexible brain network reconfiguration supporting inhibitory control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About