Controle da asma e qualidade de vida em pacientes com asma moderada ou grave

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association between degree of asthma control and health-related quality of life in patients with moderate or severe asthma. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study involving 59 outpatients with moderate or severe asthma under treatment at the Asthma Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of Ceará Walter Cantídio University Hospital, in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. The patients were evaluated regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, as well as spirometric parameters. The asthma control status was assessed using the asthma control test (ACT), and quality of life was assessed using the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.0 ± 12.4 years, and 76.3% were female. The ACT score showed statistically significant negative correlations with all SGRQ scores: total (r = −0.72); symptoms (r = −0.78); activity (r = −0.67); and impact (r = −0.68). Multiple regression analysis showed that the most robust predictive variables for SGRQ total score were ACT score (coefficient = −3.18; 95% CI: −4.14 to −2.23) and duration of disease (coefficient = −0.29; 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.03). The ACT score also explained the linear variation of the SGRQ domains: symptoms (coefficient = −3.41; 95% CI: −4.45 to −2.37); activity (coefficient = −3.07; 95% CI: −4.57 to −1.57); and impact (coefficient = −2.68; 95% CI: −3.71 to −1.65). Conclusions: The degree of asthma control appears to have a significant impact on health-related quality of life.Keywords: Asthma/prevention and control; Quality of life; Questionnaires. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o estado de controle da asma e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com asma moderada ou grave. Métodos: Estudo descritivo observacional com 59 pacientes portadores de asma moderada ou grave, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Asma do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em Fortaleza (CE). Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e espirométricos. O estado de controle da asma foi avaliado através do asthma control test (ACT) e a qualidade de vida através do Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 55,0 ± 12,4 anos, e 76,3% eram do sexo feminino. Foram observadas correlações negativas significantes entre os escores do ACT e todos os escores do SGRQ: total (r = −0,72); sintomas (r = −0,78); atividade (r = −0,67); e impactos (r = −0,68). A análise de regressão múltipla mostrou que o escore do SGRQ total teve como variáveis preditivas mais robustas o escore do ACT (coeficiente = −3,18; IC95%: −4,14 a −2,23) e tempo de doença (coeficiente = −0,29; IC95%: −0,54 a −0,03). O escore do ACT também explicou linearmente a variação do SGRQ em seus domínios: sintomas (coeficiente = −3,41 e IC95%: −4,45 a −2,37); atividade (coeficiente = −3,07 e IC95%: −4,57 a −1,57); e impactos (coeficiente = −2,68 e IC95%: −3,71 a −1,65). Conclusões: Na amostra estud...

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