Controllability of timed continuous Petri nets with uncontrollable transitions

Vázquez, Carlos; Ramírez-Treviño, A.; Silva, M.

doi:10.1080/00207179.2013.846480

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The former would be advisable to treat large systems and the latter to open space to optimization in the service provided to user unities (specifically concerning the LBS). Thus, the use of PNs is very suitable since it is a formal method widely adapted to requirements of engineering, due to its wide range of environments for the modeling of dynamics [40,45].…”

Section: Hierarchical Petri Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure is based on the use of identification algorithms and load transfer management, aiming at minimizing current and load consumption [38] or voltage and load [27]. In both cases, the voltage and load equilibrium state in the grid phases is guaranteed; however, the switching choice is based only on current load consumption of consumers' units, disregarding the imbalance level and the future states of load consumption, which could contribute to the robustness of the system to eventual consumption peaks and to the durability of the load stability over time.By contrast, it has been observed that the use of Petri nets (PNs) in complex systems is quite broad [39], due to its formal modeling, simulation and property verification capabilities [40][41][42], which allows development and verification of intelligent algorithms for control and supervision of application in smart grids [43,44]. The formal verification of routine flow allows evaluation of incidences, conflicts, deadlocks, loops, and reachability [45] of all stages and subroutines, as well as evaluation of inviolable flows and cycles of the algorithm in all its hierarchical levels [46], and also the automatic integration workflow with the control and supervision systems of an urban microgrid [47].Thus, the use of PNs can contribute to the solution of the lack of automation in the operational procedures of load balancing in urban microgrids and especially in the LV grid [48], such as in the case of the legacy Brazilian LV distribution grid [15], with partially automated flows and manual methods without automatic full flow with the central supervisory system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, it has been observed that the use of Petri nets (PNs) in complex systems is quite broad [39], due to its formal modeling, simulation and property verification capabilities [40][41][42], which allows development and verification of intelligent algorithms for control and supervision of application in smart grids [43,44]. The formal verification of routine flow allows evaluation of incidences, conflicts, deadlocks, loops, and reachability [45] of all stages and subroutines, as well as evaluation of inviolable flows and cycles of the algorithm in all its hierarchical levels [46], and also the automatic integration workflow with the control and supervision systems of an urban microgrid [47].…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

et al. 2018

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In the new paradigm of urban microgrids, load-balancing control becomes essential to ensure the balance and quality of energy consumption. Thus, phase-load balance method becomes an alternative solution in the absence of distributed generation sources. Development of efficient and robust load-balancing control algorithms becomes useful for guaranteeing the load balance between phases and consumers, as well as to establish an automatic integration between the secondary grid and the supervisory center. This article presents a new phase-balancing control model based on hierarchical Petri nets (PNs) to encapsulate procedures and subroutines, and to verify the properties of a combined algorithm system, identifying the load imbalance in phases and improving the selection process of single-phase consumer units for switching, which is based on load-imbalance level and its future state of load consumption. A reliable flow of automated procedures is obtained, which effectively guarantees the load equalization in the low-voltage grid.Energies 2018, 11, 3245 2 of 30In the case of urban microgrids with distributed generation, the load-balancing method is based on the "electric current injection" in consumer unit phases, as well as in the phases of the LV grid, compensating for the imbalance of load and voltage. However, it is necessary to use a complex AC/DC-DC/AC signal converter control architecture called Microgrid Central Control (MGCC) [28], frequency inverters [29] and, in particular, supervision and control algorithms that optimize power and electric current flow [20]. The MGCC usually manages this automated solution flow, which does not always guarantee the efficient control of the phase shift effects between the main electrical current and the injected electrical current [30].The load-balance procedure based on the "coordinated load balance" offers a wide range of control features for current injection, working synchronously with the grid transformer [16], with frequency compensation between the grid phases and consumer units, along with phase compensation between the grids' electrical current and the electric current injected [31]. Ensuring robustness and load balancing, however, requires a complex central control and supervision structure with local (distributed) controllers with high-reliability algorithms [32] that ensure automated operational integration at all control and supervisory levels.Another method of load balance based on "integrated multimicrogrids control" is being widely used because of the large mix of micro-sources of energy to be applied for load-balancing [22,29,33], along with frequency and phase compensation in the grid and consumer units [34], also requiring a complex architecture with control and supervision algorithms that efficiently coordinate current injection and frequency and phase compensation in the LV grid [9,11,35], as well such as a large number of distributed generation units [36], which in fact means a great limitation for a large-scale implementation in developing countries [7,3...

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Section: Hierarchical Petri Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

et al. 2018

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“…This approach is a useful method for modelling of many phenomena and systems. In [10], controllability of Timed Continuous Petri Nets, under infinite server semantics, with uncontrollable transitions is presented. Further, Continuous Petri Nets constitute a part of process of modelling by a systematic procedure that was discussed in [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous-Time Delay-Petri Nets as a new tool to Design State Space Controller

Ahangarani¹,

Dideban

2017

ITC

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In this paper a new method of modelling and controller design for continuous systems is introduced. Petri Net is a useful tool for modelling, analysis and controller synthesis in discrete event systems. Continuous-Time Delay-Petri Nets (CTDPN) are presented to challenge with other types of continuous dynamic system modelling tools. This article focuses on an approach to design a controller using Petri Net for continuous dynamic systems. It is shown here that this method simplifies system analysis and controller design by first, converting the continuous state space to a discrete state space and then applying CTDPN, to model and analyse it. Finally, a state feedback control algorithm is adapted to be used for models which are derived by CTDPN approach. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed approach comparing to state space feedback controller in terms of the simplicity of the system analysis and the time it takes to simulate the close-loop system.

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“…Control actions involve temporarily blocking enabled transitions from firing. If all transitions are controllable then the system is controllable independent of initial marking or timing, otherwise, the system controllability is dependent on initial marking, timing, and net structure [31].…”

Section: Petri Nets For Supervisory Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supervisory Control Using DEVS with Approximate Method & Hybrid Layer

Jamal

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Supervisory control is a formal method for the control of Discrete Event Systems (DES).The benefit of using supervisory control is that it allows the use of Modelling & Simulation (M&S) techniques to model an application and then use the model to create controllers.The use of supervisory control is currently restricted to robotics due to the issue of state space explosion as model size increases. Reduction in the state space complexity can expand the practicality of the model.We use the Discrete Event System Specifications (DEVS) formalism to implement supervisory control with an approximate method that reduces the state space complexity of the model. We also investigate the use of the hybrid layer to incorporate human interaction with a model and show that for certain cases a general approach can be used to reduce the complexity of the controller.

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Controllability of timed continuous Petri nets with uncontrollable transitions

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

A Load-Balance System Design of Microgrid Cluster Based on Hierarchical Petri Nets

Continuous-Time Delay-Petri Nets as a new tool to Design State Space Controller

Supervisory Control Using DEVS with Approximate Method & Hybrid Layer

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