Controllable and Large-Scale Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures: A Review on Bamboo-Like Nanotubes

Jia, Zirui; Kou, Kaichang; Qin, Ming; Wu, Hongjing; Puleo, Fabrizio; Liotta, Leonarda Francesca

doi:10.3390/catal7090256

Cited by 60 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Carbide or any other "external" solid phase may be formed as long as they are in the phase in equilibrium with the gas. Steady-state diffusion is established by adjusting the thickness of the two phases-an external in equilibrium with the gas and an internal in equilibrium with graphene [1]. As said above, different crystal faces have diverse roles in carbon growth.…”

Section: Growth Of Carbon Nanotubes Above Catalysts Tammann Temperatumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tammann temperature is half of the melting point (in K), as said above, and offers a good basis to understand bamboo-like graphene growth. Bamboo-like CNTs are now being produced for use in important applications [1].…”

Section: Alternative Routes and Shapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bamboo-like graphene growth. Bamboo-like CNTs are now being produced for use in important applications [1]. Figure 6.…”

Section: Alternative Routes and Shapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes growth requires clarification. A comprehensive review of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) bamboo-like growth has been published recently, covering design, synthesis, and production methods [1]. However, detailed kinetic studies are an efficient key to understand and support a mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…two phases-an external in equilibrium with the gas and an internal in equilibrium with graphene[1]. As said above, different crystal faces have diverse roles in carbon growth.C 2020, 6, x FOR PEER REVIEW 4 of 14…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explaining Bamboo-Like Carbon Fiber Growth Mechanism: Catalyst Shape Adjustments above Tammann Temperature

Lobo

Carabineiro

2020

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The mechanism of bamboo-like growth behavior of carbon fibers is discussed. We propose that there is a requirement to have this type of growth: operation above the Tammann temperature of the catalyst (defined as half of the melting point). The metal nanoparticle shape can then change during reaction (sintering-like behavior) facilitating carbon nanotube (CNT) growth, adjusting geometry. Using metal nanoparticles with a diameter below 20 nm, some reduction of the melting point (mp) and Tammann temperature (TTa) is observed. Fick’s laws still apply at nano scale. In that range, distances are short and so bulk diffusion of carbon (C) atoms through metal nanoparticles is quick. Growth occurs under catalytic and hybrid carbon formation routes. Better knowledge of the mechanism is an important basis to optimize growth rates and the shape of bamboo-like C fibers. Bamboo-like growth, occurring under pyrolytic carbon formation, is excluded: the nano-catalyst surface in contact with the gas gets quickly “poisoned”, covered by graphene layers. The bamboo-like growth of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes is also briefly discussed.

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Section: Growth Of Carbon Nanotubes Above Catalysts Tammann Temperatumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alternative Routes and Shapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bamboo-like graphene growth. Bamboo-like CNTs are now being produced for use in important applications [1]. Figure 6.…”

Section: Alternative Routes and Shapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Explaining Bamboo-Like Carbon Fiber Growth Mechanism: Catalyst Shape Adjustments above Tammann Temperature

Lobo

Carabineiro

2020

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Upcycling of Waste Plastic into Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials

Wyss

Advincula

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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these 1D carbon nanomaterials include carbon nanotubes (CNTs), both single-and multi-walled, as well as ribbon-and platelike carbon nanofibers, bamboo-like carbon nanotubes, cup-stacked carbon nanofibers, and many more. [7][8][9][10] 1D materials are used extensively in composites, coatings, sensors, electrochemical energy storage, and electrocatalysts, capitalizing upon their strength, conductivity, low density, broadband electromagnetic absorption, high surface area, and chemical robustness. [11][12][13][14] Due to their broad utility and scientific interest, identifying new methods of synthesizing 1D carbon materials remains critical. The majority of synthetic strategies to form 1D carbon materials, including arcdischarge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, plasma torch, and high partial pressure carbon monoxide involve the mobilization of carbon atoms in feedstocks on the surface of a catalytic metal which then grow into a graphitic 1D morphology. [15] These current methods often result in mixtures of 1D materials and amorphous carbon that require separation, and 1D materials syntheses often suffer from low production rates of <1 g h −1 . [16][17][18] Some recent work has focused on converting waste plastic into higher value carbon nanomaterials, inspired by the low Graphitic 1D and hybrid nanomaterials represent a powerful solution in composite and electronic applications due to exceptional properties, but large-scale synthesis of hybrid materials has yet to be realized. Here, a rapid, scalable method to produce graphitic 1D materials from polymers using flash Joule heating (FJH) is reported. This avoids lengthy chemical vapor deposition and uses no solvent or water. The flash 1D materials (F1DM), synthesized using a variety of earth-abundant catalysts, have controllable diameters and morphologies by parameter tuning. Furthermore, the process can be modified to form hybrid materials, with F1DM bonded to turbostratic graphene. In nanocomposites, F1DM outperform commercially available carbon nanotubes. Compared to current 1D material synthetic strategies using life cycle assessment, FJH synthesis represents an 86-92% decrease in cumulative energy demand and 92-94% decrease in global-warming potential. This work suggests that FJH affords a cost-effective and sustainable route to upcycle waste plastic into valuable 1D and hybrid nanomaterials.

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Converting Carbon Dioxide into Carbon Nanotubes by Reacting with Ethane

Yuan,

Huang,

Hwang

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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The urgency to mitigate environmental impacts from anthropogenic CO2 emissions has propelled extensive research efforts on CO2 reduction. The current work reports a novel approach involving transforming CO2 and ethane into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using earth‐abundant metals (Fe, Co, Ni) at 750 °C. This route facilitates long‐term carbon storage via generating high‐value CNTs and produces valuable syngas with adjustable H2/CO ratios as byproducts. Without CO2, direct pyrolysis of ethane undergoes rapid deactivation. The participation of CO2 not only enhances the durability of the catalyst, but also contributes about 30% of the CNTs production, presenting a viable solution to CO2 challenges. The CNT morphology depends on the catalyst used. Co‐ and Ni‐based catalysts produce CNT with a 20 nm diameter and micrometer length, whereas Fe‐based catalysts yield bamboo‐like structures. This work represents a pioneering effort in utilizing CO2 and ethane for CNT production with potential environmental and economic benefits.

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Controllable and Large-Scale Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures: A Review on Bamboo-Like Nanotubes

Cited by 60 publications

References 89 publications

Explaining Bamboo-Like Carbon Fiber Growth Mechanism: Catalyst Shape Adjustments above Tammann Temperature

Explaining Bamboo-Like Carbon Fiber Growth Mechanism: Catalyst Shape Adjustments above Tammann Temperature

Upcycling of Waste Plastic into Hybrid Carbon Nanomaterials

Converting Carbon Dioxide into Carbon Nanotubes by Reacting with Ethane

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