Controllable Atomic Scale Patterning of Freestanding Monolayer Graphene at Elevated Temperature

Xu, Qiang; Wu, Mingjie; Schneider, Grégory F.; Houben, Lothar; Malladi, Sairam K.; Dekker, Cees; Yücelen, Emrah; Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.; Zandbergen, H.W.

doi:10.1021/nn3053582

Cited by 111 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Theoretical studies show that an armchair ribbon will be semiconducting [66][67][68][69] and that a zigzag-edged ribbon is metallic with a current profile that peaks at the edges [66,[69][70][71]. Both armchair and zigzag nanoribbons have been proposed to present promising platforms for DNA sequencing in a large number of theoretical reports [72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79], and experimentalists have begun to explore this approach [80][81][82][83][84][85].…”

Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, chemical techniques that involve unzipping of carbon nanotubes or 'bottom up' assembly of ribbons with the use of molecular precursors have been used [89]. Freestanding graphene nanoribbons (of sub-10nm widths) were made using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to obtain narrow ribbons [82][83][84][85]. It was shown that when the graphene is heated to >600 • C, it can be sculpted with near atomic precision, while maintaining pristine defectfree graphene [84].…”

Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One can control the shape of the edges by cutting along specific crystallographic directions (Fig. 4B) [85]. Crystalline ribbons were also obtained using Joule heating, where a large voltage (∼3 V) is applied across the ribbon, leading to local heating (> 2000 K) due to the high current densities.…”

Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing

2016

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Fast, cheap, and reliable DNA sequencing could be one of the most disruptive innovations of this decade as it will pave the way for personalised medicine. In pursuit of such technology, a variety of nanotechnology-based approaches have been explored and established including sequencing with nanopores. Due to its unique structure and properties, graphene provides interesting opportunities for the development of a new sequencing technology. In recent years, a wide range of creative ideas for graphene sequencers have been theoretically proposed and the first experimental demonstrations have begun to appear. Here, we review the different approaches to using graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing, which involve DNA passing through graphene nanopores, nanogaps, and nanoribbons, and the physisorption of DNA on graphene nanostructures. We discuss the advantages and problems of each of these key techniques, and provide a perspective on the use of graphene in future DNA sequencing technology.

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Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inplane Transport Of a Graphene Nanoribbon With A Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing

2016

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“…They used an etching technique that selectively etches armchair edges, which produces hexagonal antidots with zigzag edges. Xu et al [21] have demonstrated that it is possible to create antidots with diameters down to 2 nm using a scanning transmission electron microscope. When subsequently heating the sample, the curved edges of the antidots were observed to reconstruct into armchair edges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic and optical properties of graphene antidot lattices: comparison of Dirac and tight-binding models

Brun

Thomsen

Pedersen

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Abstract. The electronic properties of graphene may be changed from semimetallic to semiconducting by introducing perforations (antidots) in a periodic pattern. The properties of such graphene antidot lattices (GALs) have previously been studied using atomistic models, which are very time consuming for large structures. We present a continuum model that uses the Dirac equation (DE) to describe the electronic and optical properties of GALs. The advantages of the Dirac model are that the calculation time does not depend on the size of the structures and that the results are scalable. In addition, an approximation of the band gap using the DE is presented. The Dirac model is compared with nearest-neighbour tight-binding (TB) in order to assess its accuracy. Extended zigzag regions give rise to localized edge states, whereas armchair edges do not. We find that the Dirac model is in quantitative agreement with TB for GALs without edge states, but deviates for antidots with large zigzag regions.

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“…Several methods have been used to produce GALs experimentally, including e-beam lithography [16][17][18], diblock copolymer templates [19][20][21], anodic aluminum oxide templates [22], nanosphere lithography [23] and nanoimprint lithography [24]. The antidots range in size between a few nanometers and several hundred nanometers, depending on the fabrication method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dirac model of electronic transport in graphene antidot barriers

Thomsen¹,

Brun²,

Pedersen³

2014

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Abstract. In order to use graphene for semiconductor applications, such as transistors with high on/off ratios, a band gap must be introduced into this otherwise semimetallic material. A promising method of achieving a band gap is by introducing nanoscale perforations (antidots) in a periodic pattern, known as a graphene antidot lattice (GAL). A graphene antidot barrier (GAB) can be made by introducing a 1D GAL strip in an otherwise pristine sheet of graphene. In this paper, we will use the Dirac equation (DE) with a spatially varying mass term to calculate the electronic transport through such structures. Our approach is much more general than previous attempts to use the Dirac equation to calculate scattering of Dirac electrons on antidots. The advantage of using the DE is that the computational time is scale invariant and our method may therefore be used to calculate properties of arbitrarily large structures. We show that the results of our Dirac model are in quantitative agreement with tight-binding for hexagonal antidots with armchair edges. Furthermore, for a wide range of structures, we verify that a relatively narrow GAB, with only a few antidots in the unit cell, is sufficient to give rise to a transport gap.

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Controllable Atomic Scale Patterning of Freestanding Monolayer Graphene at Elevated Temperature

Cited by 111 publications

References 38 publications

Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing

Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing

Electronic and optical properties of graphene antidot lattices: comparison of Dirac and tight-binding models

Dirac model of electronic transport in graphene antidot barriers

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