Controllable Growth of High Quality MAPbX₃ Perovskite Single Crystals for X-ray Detection

Abstract

The crystal quality limits the mobility-lifetime (μτ) product and the further applications of perovskite single crystals (PSC) in high energy radiation detections regardless of their high attenuation coefficient. In this paper, high-quality and controllable growth of MAPbX3 PSCs is demonstrated using the liquid-diffusion induced crystallization (LDSC) method. The growth kinetics are modeled to demonstrate the feasibility of the controllable growth via keeping the growth in the mass-transport-limited regime. The crystal growth rate is confirmed theoretically and experimentally to be constant and solely dependent on the growth temperature. A facile method is developed to measure the growth rate without disturbing or suspending the whole process. MAPbBr3 PSC grown at the optimal condition demonstrates a full-width at half-maximum of the (100) X-ray rocking curves of 0.0096°, a fluorescence lifetime of 1099 ns, a trap density of 4.5 × 109 cm–3, and a μτ product of 1.495 × 10–2 cm2 V–1. The resulting MAPbBr3 X-ray detector has a sensitivity of 2181 μC Gyair –1 cm–2. All results indicate that the controllable growth is beneficial to the crystal qualities and device performances. The concept proposed here will be inspiring for the community of researchers of perovskite materials.

Interface-Tension-Assisted Temperature-Gradient Crystallization of High-Quality MAPbBr3 Perovskite Single Crystals with Low Defect Densities

“…In this study, PDMS was chosen as a nonsolvent extraction agent because small-molecule solvents can evaporate through the interspace of PDMS molecules during thermal diffusion, as illustrated in Figure a. The similar mechanism of PDMS to generate PSCs is reported in our previous paper and other studies. ,− However, the relationship between the interfacial tension and interfacial nucleation rate in the perovskite precursor and PDMS combined system remains unexplored. At room temperature, the surface tensions of PDMS, DMF, and DMSO are σ PDMS = 19.8 mN/m, σ DMF = 35.2 mN/m, and σ DMSO = 42.8 mN/m, ,, respectively.…”

Low ion migration and defect density MAPbX3 single crystals grown at low temperature for X-ray detection

“…The details and growth mechanisms of the regular LDSC method can be seen in our previous paper and other studies. 31,37 In the LT-LDSC method, the perovskite precursor solutions were put into a refrigerator and kept at 4 °C during the MAPbX 3 single crystal nucleation and growth region, as shown in Fig. 1a.…”

Ionic liquid-assisted growth of high-quality methylammonium lead bromide single crystals for photodetection applications

“…5–8 In turn, LHPs in the form of single crystals (SCs) have been demonstrated to surmount these challenges and provide better stability, longer carrier diffusion length, lower trap density and higher charge mobility than polycrystalline thin films. 9–13 Recently, the free-standing perovskite SCs have become a convenient platform for the next-generation optoelectronic devices including photodetectors (PDs), 14–18 electronic eyes, 19 image sensing in the medical field, 20 light emitting diodes (LEDs), 21,22 X-ray imaging, 23–25 and field effect transistors (FETs). 26…”