“…[22][23][24][25][26][27] These NiCo 2 S 4 nanostructures, such as spheres and wires, have all exhibited good bifunctional OER and ORR activity, 5,6,8,9,12,[28][29][30] which may be further enhanced by improving electron transfer via the engineering of surface morphology, incorporating highly conductive support materials, and doping with selected tertiary atoms. 5,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Previous studies show that NiCo 2 S 4 possesses a mixedvalence redox chemistry. 5,12,18 However, it remains largely not understood how individual cobalt and nickel cations affect the electrocatalytic performance of NiCo 2 S 4 .…”