“…The metallic membranes are usually hydrophilic in nature, but can be made hydrophobic through surface modification or coating with a suitable polymer [61]. ) and squared pores (pore size: 4×4 µm, porosity: 2.65%), respectively [62], (c) woven stainless steel mesh membrane (pore size: 2 µm) [29], and (d,e, and f) LF-γ (pore size: 700-900 nm, porosity: 51%), LF-γ' (pore size: ~200 nm, porosity: 41%) and TM-γ' (pore size: ~300 nm, porosity: 26%) nickel superalloy membranes [63]. LF and TM represent thermally (load-free) and thermo-mechanically coarsened membranes, respectively, while γ and γ' represent the nickel-rich and nickel aluminide phases, respectively, which is subsequently separated from the matrix through electrochemical phase extraction.…”