As a wide-bandgap rare-earth oxide, Eu2O3 was often utilized as an auxiliary material of other photocatalysts
because its photocatalytic performance was limited by the luminescence
characteristics of Eu3+ and low light utilization. In this
study, we improved the photocatalytic degradation performance of the
Eu2O3 nanoparticles by doping with Fe cations.
The Eu2O3 nanoparticles with different Fe-doping
concentrations (1, 3, and 5%, noted as EF1.0, EF3.0, and EF5.0, respectively)
were synthesized via chemical precipitation and calcination methods.
It was found that doping could reduce Eu2O3’s
bandgap, which probably originated from the introduction of oxygen
vacancies with lower energy levels than the conduction band of Eu2O3. Compared with the undoped Eu2O3 nanoparticles with a removal efficiency of 22% for degrading
rhodamine B dye within 60 min, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies
of EF1.0, EF3.0, and EF5.0 were demonstrated to be improved to 42,
48, and 33%, respectively, and EF3.0’s performance was the
best. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the doped samples
was related to the oxygen vacancies acting as capture centers for
electrons, such that the photogenerated electron–hole pairs
were efficiently separated and the redox reactions on the surface
of the nanoparticles were enhanced accordingly. Additionally, the
enhanced light absorption and broadened spectral band further improved
EF3.0’s degradation efficiency.