Controllable Synthesis of Phosphorus‐Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride via a Simple Phosphorus Compound Towards Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance

Abstract

Introduction of phosphorus into graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4 or CN) has been demonstrated to be an effective route to improve the photocatalytic activity of CN. Many efforts have been made to synthesize phosphorus‐doped CN (PCN) by using different phosphorous precursors, but they are usually composed of at least four elements, which may lead to an increase in uncontrollable factors and environmental pollution in the thermal polymerization process. Herein, PCN photocatalysts were successfully prepared by using a simple inorganic precursor of phosphorus pentoxide as the phosphorous source. Under optimized conditions, PCN photocatalyst shows a visible light (λ>400 nm) photocatalytic rhodamine B degradation rate of 6.8 times higher than that obtained for the pure CN. Based on the measurements and analyses of ultraviolet‐visible diffraction reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectra, transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, upon the incorporation of phosphorus, the visible light absorption and generation and separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs are enhanced dramatically compared with pure CN, which may be responsible for the photocatalytic activity improvement of PCN. This work provides a facile, environment‐friendly and controllable way to design and synthesize highly effective CN for solar energy utilization and environmental remediation.

Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by newly molding g‐C3N4/graphitized biochar composites

“…[9][10][11] The most effective and prominent technology is advanced oxidation, which generates powerful oxidizing radicals during the reaction to oxidize organic pollutants via electron transfer, and addition reactions degrade them into small-molecule organic substances that are non-toxic or low-toxic. [12,13] Photocatalysis has unique advantages in AOPs as its powerful oxidation ability, moderate reaction conditions, and ability to mineralize pollutants into H 2 O and CO 2 altogether. [14,15] Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), a green and highly efficient metal-free photocatalyst has shown promising photocatalytic activity under visible light, which can be obtained by simple pyrolytic condensation of nitrogen-rich precursors.…”

“…Till now, various attempts have been proposed to facilitate the elimination of antibiotics in the aquatic environment, [7,8] such as biological methods, adsorption, membrane separation, and advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) technology [9–11] . The most effective and prominent technology is advanced oxidation, which generates powerful oxidizing radicals during the reaction to oxidize organic pollutants via electron transfer, and addition reactions degrade them into small‐molecule organic substances that are non‐toxic or low‐toxic [12,13] . Photocatalysis has unique advantages in AOPs as its powerful oxidation ability, moderate reaction conditions, and ability to mineralize pollutants into H 2 O and CO 2 altogether [14,15] …”

Synergistic Effect of BiVO4/P-g-C3N4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties on Synthetic Colorants under Visible Light

“…To improve the surface morphology, doping with non-metals (such as B, P, N, O and S) has been considered an appropriate strategy to enhance photocatalytic activity by modifying the band structure, creating catalytically active sites and accelerating charge transfer [13]. These findings were demonstrated in numerous studies that showed that the phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride outstandingly promoted photocatalytic activity [14,15]. Several recent studies show that the incorporation of P-g-C 3 N 4 with Co 3 O 4 , Ti 3 C 2 , and SnS showed significant improvement in visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications such as water splitting and Cr(VI) removal under visible light irradiation [16][17][18].…”