Controllable synthesis of Sb/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite by oxygen-containing groups for ultra-stable lithium/sodium storage

Synergy of Cu-foam/Sb2O3/rGO for stable potassium anodes of high-rate and low-temperature potassium metal batteries

“…Additionally, there is a characteristic peak of C–O–Sb (285.3 eV), indicating the bonding between rGO and Sb 2 O 3 during the preparation process. 42 Combined with Raman spectroscopy analysis (Fig. S9a†), the defect content in rGO is increased, which is originated from the oxygenated functional groups bonding with Sb 2 O 3 that further promotes the potassiophilicity of the current collector.…”

“…The results show that the I D / I G value on Cu@Sb 2 O 3 @rGO, compared with GO is increased from 0.93 to 1.09, proving that Cu 2 Sb can be in situ oxidized to Sb 2 O 3 by oxygenated functional groups on GO. 42,44,45 To further investigate how rGO is distributed on the Cu foam skeleton, cross-sectional Raman spectra analysis was conducted (Fig. S9d†).…”

“…As identified, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could exhibit both exceptional mechanical flexibility and electrical conductivity, which could effectively suppress volume expansion during battery cycling. 42,43 Moreover, rGO has demonstrated a high K potassiophilicity shown by an enhanced adsorption of K + . It is expected that incorporating Sb with rGO to form a modification layer on the Cu foam current collector should be able to enhance the electrochemical performance of the corresponding potassium metal battery.…”

Uniformly anchoring Sb2O5 nanoparticles on graphene sheets via Co2+-induced deposition for enhanced lithium/sodium-ion storage

“…2e), corresponding to CvO (∼289.0 eV), C-O (∼286.6 eV), C-O-(Sb/Co) and C-C/CvC (∼284.6 eV), respectively. 39,43 The binding energy of the C-O-(Sb/Co) peak shifts slightly from 285.6 eV in Sb 6 O 13 /rGO to 285.4 eV in Co-Sb 2 O 5 /rGO, indicating strengthened electronic coupling between antimony oxides and rGO sheets due to more sites linked by Sb/Co-O-C bonding interactions and the electronegativity of Co being lower than that of Sb, which is conducive to fast charge transfer through the interface between active oxides and conductive graphene sheets. 44 For the Sb 3d core spectrum of Sb 6 O 13 /rGO (Fig.…”

“…6a for Sb 6 O 13 /rGO, the typical CV curve during the initial cycle (0.1 mV s −1 ) shows two reduction peaks at ca. 0.97 V and below 0.7 V vs. Na + /Na, which can be attributed to the formation of Sb and Na 2 O based on the sodiation decomposition of Sb 6 O 13 , and further multistep alloying of Sb to Na 3 Sb and/ or other side reactions, 19,35,43,55 respectively. The main oxidation peak at 0.83 V can be assigned to the de-alloying of Na x Sb, and the small peak at ca.…”