Controllable Triboelectric Series Using Gradient Positive and Negative Charge‐Confinement Layer with Different Particle Sizes of Mesoporous Carbon Materials

Abstract

As a method to maximize the energy efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), high‐voltage charge injection (HVCI) on the surface is a simple and effective method for increasing surface charge densities. In this study, positive and negative triboelectric series are controlled using a 3‐layer gradient charge‐confinement wherein the particle sizes of the mesoporous carbon spheres (mCSs) are sequentially arranged depending on the external surface area of the mCSs. In the gradient charge‐confinement layers of this study, the mCS with different sizes perform charge transport from the surface to a deep position during HVCI while mitigating the charge loss through charge confinement to induce the high space charge densities. Through this process, the output voltage—which is initially 15.2 V—is measured to be 600 V after HVCI, thus representing an increase of about 40 times. Further, to amplify the low output current, which is a disadvantage of triboelectric energy, two types of electrical energy—triboelectric and electromagnetic energy—are produced in single mechanical motion. As a result, the output current produced by the cylindrical TENG and electromagnetic generator is recorded as being 1300 times higher, increasing from 12.8 µA to 17.5 mA.

Multifunctional Filter Membranes Based on Self-Assembled Core–Shell Biodegradable Nanofibers for Persistent Electrostatic Filtration through the Triboelectric Effect

“…Interestingly, the added MMT helps enhance the triboelectric properties of the polymer matrix, which can be exploited to facilitate a constant buildup of electrons on the fibrous matrix and enhance the filtration efficiency. In this regard, many studies have reported the improvement in the adsorption efficiency of ultrafine dust particles through electrostatic attraction, particularly by using the electrostatic charge on the surface generated by friction between two materials (i.e., triboelectricity). − Similarly, for the polymer–MMT membrane, the stresses exacted on the membrane by constant airflow should be able to provide triboelectricity, constantly supplying the filter membrane with extra surface charge.…”

Rational Design of Advanced Triboelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Emerging Applications

“…[76] In addition, some structures may facilitate capture the charge dissipated from the triboelectric material to the electrode if used for intermediate layers of TENGs, which is also called charge trapping and storage layer. [77][78][79][80][81][82] This section presents the design of different structures of electrospun porous materials for TENGs to enhance their electrical properties and obtain mechanical properties, directionality, and air permeability for TENGs. Further, we complement the approach on doping nanomaterials for electrical performance enhancement and functional expansion of TENGs such as mechanical property.…”

“…[138] Therefore, the microspheres at present are basically used as filler materials compounded with other structures. [81,137] With the improvement of mechanical properties of microspheres, it will be possible to develop pure microspheres as triboelectric materials. For electrospun honeycomb-based microspheres, the tough preparation process has limited their application in TENG to some extent.…”

“…[66,283] These methods are expected to be used for microspheres and hierarchically structured materials. Furthermore, multilayer assembly of electrospun materials with complementary properties can significantly improve their barrier or penetration, [81,93] and Janus film via specific electrospinning process (e.g., water-assisted electrospinning, [269] side-by-side electrospinning, [284] etc.) may realize adjustable structures that meet customizable multifunctional requirements.…”

Study on Waste Acid Modificated Industrial Solid Waste Aluminum Ash to Prepare Environmental Functional Materials to Remove Fluoride Ions in Wastewater

“…With the increase of PO 4 3− concentration, the removal of F − by C-SAA decreased to 94.45%, 91.77%, 87.13%, 83.06%, 81.44 and 81.38%, respectively, while the removal of F − by C-SAAoa decreased to 98.87%, 91.31%, 87.68%, 84.60%, 83.31 and 83.27%, respectively. This phenomenon is mainly due to the high density of negative charge of PO 4 3− (Cha et al, 2022), resulting in its easy adsorption on the surface of positively charged materials. PO 4 3− (3/3.40) and F − (1/ 1.33) possess similar charge radii.…”