Controlled Emissivity Coatings to Delay Ignition  of Polyethylene

Sonnier, Rodolphe; Ferry, Laurent; Gallard, Benjamin; Boudenne, Abderrahim; Lavaud, François

doi:10.3390/ma8105349

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We attached a 100 μm thick polypropylene film spray coated with a black coating on the top of the amplification chamber with UV-curable adhesive. Black coatings are well known for having the highest emissivity for IR measurement, which is ~1 [10]. The micro-thinned polypropylene film with the black coating guarantees reliable heat transfer from the chamber to the outside and thus makes the temperature measurement possible by an infrared thermometer with high fidelity even from the outside.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Temperature Control System Applicable to Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Lab-on-a-Disc

Yoo

2019

Sensors

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the visual inspection of fluorescent amplicons for detection are commonly used procedures in nucleic acid tests. However, it has been extremely challenging to incorporate PCR onto a lab-on-a-disc (PCR–LOD) as it involves controlling the complicated and precise heating steps during thermal cycling and the measurement of reagent temperature. Additionally, a non-contact temperature control system without any connecting attachments needs to be implemented to facilitate the rotation of the PCR–LOD. This study presents a non-contact temperature control system to integrate conventional PCR onto an LOD. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed system provides one-stop detection capabilities for Salmonella with a stable PCR amplification in a single PCR–LOD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Temperature Control System Applicable to Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Lab-on-a-Disc

Yoo

2019

Sensors

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“…The emissivity coefficient "ε" gives the radiation of heat from various materials as compared with the radiation of heat from an ideal black surface as ε = 1 [16]. The thermal radiative properties of films depend on the content, size and nature of aluminum particles [19]. For anodized aluminum, ε = 0.55 [20].…”

Section: Infrared (Ir) Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For anodized aluminum, ε = 0.55 [20]. With increasing concentrations of aluminum, Sonnier et al observed an increase in R, making it a suitable product for limiting thermal radiation from a body [19], whereas for a thin polyethylene terephthalate sheet T = 1.5, for an aluminum-coated foil T can be expected to be less than 1% [20,21]. E and R are complementary, as radiometric measurements mostly depend on surface E and R of radiation [20].…”

Section: Infrared (Ir) Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

Kranebitter¹,

Wallner

Klinger³

et al. 2020

Coatings

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Rescue blankets are medical devices made of a polyethylene terephthalate sheet coated with a thin aluminum layer. Blankets are used for protection against hypothermia in prehospital emergency medicine and outdoor sports, but totally different qualities are typical for these multi-functional tools. On the one hand, rescue sheets prevent hypothermia by reducing thermo-convection and diminishing heat loss from evaporation and thermal radiation. On the other hand, the sheets promote cooling by acting as a radiant barrier, by providing shade and even by increasing heat conduction when the sheet is in direct contact with the skin. As foils are watertight and windproof, they can function as vapor barriers and even as stopgap bivouac sacks. We evaluated three experimental studies, one on heat loss by rescue blankets according to surface color, one on transparency with ultraviolet radiation, high-energy visible light and visible light, and one on infrared radiation from rescue blankets. When evaluating the effects of different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum on rescue sheets, we focused on ultraviolet radiation (200–380 nm), high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band (380–450 nm), visible light (380–760 nm) and infrared radiation (7500–13,500 nm). Rescue sheets transmit between 1% and 8% of visible light and about 1% of ultraviolet B radiation (280–315 nm), providing sufficient transparency and adequate protection from snow blindness. Reflection of visible light increases detectability in search and rescue missions performed in good visibility conditions, while reflection of infrared radiation increases detectability in poor visibility conditions and provides protection against hypothermia.

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“…Experiments on transparent conductive oxides on PMMA and thermochromic materials on steel and glass , were then reported but without reaching the low emissivity obtained with copper. Sonnier et al have proposed polyethylene composite coatings filled with aluminum flakes; however, in their case, the top layer was thicker (from 65 to 100 μm), which might not be necessary to reach low emissivity and may limit its impact by introducing more flammable material . From then on, the concept has remained unexploited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sonnier et al have proposed polyethylene composite coatings filled with aluminum flakes; however, in their case, the top layer was thicker (from 65 to 100 μm), which might not be necessary to reach low emissivity and may limit its impact by introducing more flammable material. 39 From then on, the concept has remained unexploited. In particular, their main default was not addressed.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Emissivity Metal/Dielectric Coatings as Radiative Barriers for the Fire Protection of Raw and Formulated Polymers

Davesne

Bensabath

Sarazin

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Radiative heat transfer dominates in medium-to large-scale fires, with infrared ray absorption causing the rapid ignition of combustible materials. In an attempt to hinder this phenomenon, low-emissivity coatings consisting of an aluminum layer topped by alumina have been deposited on polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) substrates by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. Emissivity measurements have confirmed the decrease in the emissivity of both surfaces. The samples were tested with a mass loss cone (MLC) calorimeter at 50 kW/m 2 to mimic the radiative thermal constraint of the last stages of a developing fire. The evolution of the temperature was monitored by a thermocouple to confirm the radiative barrier effect. With this setup, it was evidenced that the presence of low-emissivity coatings reduced the heat absorption, effectively increasing the time to ignition of both substrates. Indeed, coated PP ignited after 7 min, whereas a neat PP ignited in 1 min, and PA6 had a time to ignition of as long as 1 h, as opposed to the neat polymer igniting in only 75 s. However, the effect of the coating on flammability parameters such as the peak heat release rate (PkHRR) and the total heat release (THR) was found to be very low. To counterbalance this downside and to take advantage of the reduction of heat absorption, Al/Al 2 O 3 coatings were deposited on PP and PA6 filled with thermally triggered fire-retardant additives, respectively, expandable graphite and a commercial mixture of melamine polyphosphate and aluminum diethylphosphate. Without surface treatment, the presence of the additives caused a shorter time to ignition, but a reduction in the PkHRR of ∼50%. The combination of the Al/Al 2 O 3 coating with flame retardants in the bulk led to both a long time to ignition and a reduction in the PkHRR and the THR under MLC testing.

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Controlled Emissivity Coatings to Delay Ignition of Polyethylene

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Non-Contact Temperature Control System Applicable to Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Lab-on-a-Disc

Non-Contact Temperature Control System Applicable to Polymerase Chain Reaction on a Lab-on-a-Disc

Rescue Blankets-Transmission and Reflectivity of Electromagnetic Radiation

Low-Emissivity Metal/Dielectric Coatings as Radiative Barriers for the Fire Protection of Raw and Formulated Polymers

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