Controlled Endurance Exercise Training and VO<sub>2max</sub> Changes in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis

Huang, Guoyuan; Gibson, Cheryl; Tran, Zung Vu; Osness, Wayne H.

doi:10.1111/j.0197-3118.2005.04324.x

Cited by 120 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…This preconditioning exercise proved effective in that all SED participants who completed training block 1 also completed the HIIT intervention. The magnitude of improvement in aerobic fitness following preconditioning is in line with previous similar exercise interventions involving previously sedentary participants (Gormley et al 2008;Huang et al 2005). As expected,VO 2max in the LEX group both prior to and following training block 1 was within the standard error of measurement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Knowles

Herbert

Easton

et al. 2015

AGE

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There is a demand for effective training methods that encourage exercise adherence during advancing age, particularly in sedentary populations. This study examined the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise on health-related quality of life (HRQL), aerobic fitness and motivation to exercise in ageing men. Participants consisted of males who were either lifelong sedentary (SED; N=25; age 63±5 years) or lifelong exercisers (LEX; N=19; aged 61±5 years).V O 2max and HRQL were measured at three phases: baseline (Phase A), week seven (Phase B) and week 13 (Phase C). Motivation to exercise was measured at baseline and week 13.VO 2max was significantly higher in LEX (39.2±5.6 ml kg min −1 ) compared to SED (27.2 ±5.2 ml kg min −1 ) and increased in both groups from Phase A to C (SED 4.6±3.2 ml kg min −1 , 95 % CI 3.1 -6.0; LEX 4.9±3.4 ml kg min −1 , 95 % CI 3.1-6.6) Physical functioning (97±4 LEX; 93±7 SED) and general health (70±11 LEX; 78±11 SED) were significantly higher in LEX but increased only in the SED group from Phase A to C (physical functioning 17±18, 95 % CI 9-26, general health 14±14, 95 % CI 8-21). Exercise motives related to social recognition (2.4±1.2 LEX; 1.5 ±1.0 SED), affiliation (2.7±1.0 LEX; 1.6±1.2 SED) and competition (3.3±1.3 LEX; 2.2±1.1) were significantly higher in LEX yet weight management motives were significantly higher in SED (2.9±1.1 LEX; 4.3± 0.5 SED). The study provides preliminary evidence that low-volume HIIT increases perceptions of HRQL, exercise motives and aerobic capacity in older adults, to varying degrees, in both SED and LEX groups.Keywords Ageing men . High-intensity interval training . Health-related quality of life . Motivation . Exercise

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Knowles

Herbert

Easton

et al. 2015

AGE

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“…VO 2 max is a widely used measurement of stable aerobic fitness, and can be improved with training depending on exercise intensity and consistency ( e.g. Huang et al, 2005). Participants were asked not to engage in strenuous physical activity for at least 24 hours prior their scheduled fitness test, and not to consume food or caffeine for at least 3 hours prior.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entorhinal volume, aerobic fitness, and recognition memory in healthy young adults: A voxel-based morphometry study

et al. 2016

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Converging evidence supports the hypothesis effects of aerobic exercise and environmental enrichment are beneficial for cognition, in particular for hippocampus-supported learning and memory. Recent work in humans suggests exercise training induces changes in hippocampal volume, but it is not known if aerobic exercise and fitness also impact the entorhinal cortex. In animal models, aerobic exercise increases expression of growth factors, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This exercise-enhanced expression of growth hormones may boost synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival and differentiation, potentially supporting function and structure in brain areas including but not limited to the hippocampus. Here, using voxel based morphometry and a standard graded treadmill test to determine cardio-respiratory fitness (Bruce protocol; VO2 max), we examined if entorhinal and hippocampal volumes were associated with cardio-respiratory fitness in healthy young adults (N = 33). In addition, we examined if volumes were modulated by recognition memory performance and by serum BDNF, a putative marker of synaptic plasticity. Our results show a positive association between volume in right entorhinal cortex and cardio-respiratory fitness. In addition, average gray matter volume in the entorhinal cortex, bilaterally, was positively associated with memory performance. These data extend prior work on the cerebral effects of aerobic exercise and fitness to the entorhinal cortex in healthy young adults thus providing compelling evidence for a relationship between aerobic fitness and structure of the medial temporal lobe memory system.

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“…Three small meta-analyses reported significant increases in CRF in response to selected HIT and MICT regimens in patients with various manifestations of CVD. 277,286,287 In another meta-analysis, 6 randomized clinical trials with a total of 153 patients were included, but only 4 randomized controlled trials with 111 patients had adequately reported peak/maximal V ⋅ o 2 data. 277 Compared with MICT, HIT significantly improved peak/maximal V ; 95% confidence interval, 2.3-4.9).…”

Section: High-intensity Training and Crfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Ross¹,

Blair²,

Arena³

et al. 2016

Circulation

1,762

1,697

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ABSTRACT:Mounting evidence has firmly established that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and mortality rates attributable to various cancers. A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrates not only that CRF is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, but that the addition of CRF to traditional risk factors significantly improves the reclassification of risk for adverse outcomes. The purpose of this statement is to review current knowledge related to the association between CRF and health outcomes, increase awareness of the added value of CRF to improve risk prediction, and suggest future directions in research. Although the statement is not intended to be a comprehensive review, critical references that address important advances in the field are highlighted. The underlying premise of this statement is that the addition of CRF for risk classification presents health professionals with unique opportunities to improve patient management and to encourage lifestyle-based strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk. These opportunities must be realized to optimize the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and hence meet the American Heart Association's 2020 goals.M ounting evidence over the past 3 decades has firmly established that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, as well as mortality rates attributable to various cancers, especially of the breast and colon/digestive tract. [1][2][3][4] Importantly, improvements in CRF are associated with reduced mortality risk.5 Although CRF is now recognized as an important marker of cardiovascular health, it is currently the only major risk factor not routinely assessed in clinical practice.In 2013, the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology jointly released new guidelines for the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease.6 Although CRF is the fourth-leading risk factor for CVD and has long been established as a significant prognostic marker, 7 it was excluded from the risk calculator. The authors of the guidelines noted that the evidence that CRF would enhance risk classification was inconclusive, and thus, the added contribution of CRF to determine CVD risk was uncertain. There is, however, a large body of epidemiological and clinical evidence demonstrating not only that CRF is a potentially stronger predictor of mortality than established risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but that the addition of CRF to traditional risk factors significantly improves the reclassification of risk for adverse outcomes.

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Controlled Endurance Exercise Training and VO_2max Changes in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis

Cited by 120 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Entorhinal volume, aerobic fitness, and recognition memory in healthy young adults: A voxel-based morphometry study

Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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Controlled Endurance Exercise Training and VO2max Changes in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis

Cited by 120 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Impact of low-volume, high-intensity interval training on maximal aerobic capacity, health-related quality of life and motivation to exercise in ageing men

Entorhinal volume, aerobic fitness, and recognition memory in healthy young adults: A voxel-based morphometry study

Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

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Controlled Endurance Exercise Training and VO_2max Changes in Older Adults: A Meta‐Analysis