Controlled Evaluation of a Surfactant in Secondary Recovery

Abstract

A surjactant waterflood, using a block copolymer oj ethylene and propylene oxide (PL.URONIC L64*), was started in i 956 in Kansas to determine the commercial feasibility O! such a process. The production jorwation was the Bardesville sand at a depth of 1,400 jt. Leases in the test area had attained both primary and secondary production peaks, and were on a normal decline when the tests were initiated. The injection wells were taking water at a reasonable p,-es.rure and none of the operating conditions were particularly unusual. The leases were selected primarily because of normal operating conditions, and not because oj any serious problems demanding remedie>. Oil production and water injection data were recorded during the IO-year test period, and their compilation indicates that the surjactant resulted in an increase of about 9 percent in secondary oil production.Other benefits derived jrom the surjactant injection were lower injection pressure that resulted in reduced power consumption and reduced erosion oj the pumps; and lower calcium scale buildup. These jringe benejits more than oflsct the cost oj the surjactant used.

Application of Nonionic Tenside Homologues in IOR/EOR and Oilfield Chemistry: Fundamental and Engineering Aspects

“…6. The crucial effect of ethoxy group number becomes stronger at long aging times, but surprisingly the "aging phenomena" (increase in viscosity, or strengthening of its shear dependency) could not be observed for NPEO 10 . 7.…”

“…6). 10. As a result of the different excess concentrations the calculated area occupied by a single tenside molecule is also different (Fig.…”

Selection of reservoirs amenable to micellar flooding. First annual report, October 1978-December 1979

“…The second approach is to use figures 4 or 12 to calculate an "optimum" average polymer concentration Cp -this is the Cp where a plot of ER vs. Cp would have zero slope. The total polymer required in mass units would then be (16) This approach tends to violate the· BAT by using historical data. The third approach restores some reservoir specificity while at the same time not requiring total dependence on correlations.…”

Recovery of Residual Lubricating Oil from Waste Clay by Flotation

“…The concept of critical surface tension of wetting of solids which has been described in the context of coal and sul®de minerals has now been extended to oil shale bene®ciation [2,3]. The adsorption of surfactants on minerals has been determined for surfactant enhanced oil recovery [4,5]. Somasundaran and Fu Èrstenau [6] ®rst established that a rather characteristic adsorption isotherm shape is obtained for ionic surfactants on alumina.…”