Controlled Fluoridation: The Dental Effects of Discontinuation in Antigo, Wisconsin

Lemke, Charles W.; Doherty, Joe; Arra, Michael C.

doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1970.0121

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We fit separate models for PF surfaces and for smooth surfaces, using surface-specific progression and reversal changes as dependent variables. Independent variables were developed as described previously [Maupomé et Lemke et al 1970United States, 1960 Three def/DMF cross-sectional 4 years after fluoridation was discontinued surveys before, during and and just after it was re-implemented, def after fluoridation was stopped (112%) in kindergarten children, and DMFT in 7-, 9-and 11-year-olds had increased markedly (233%, 70% and 91%, respectively). Kalsbeek et al 1993Netherlands, 1973 Cross-sectional DMFS using Lower DMFS in fluoridated and no-longerbitewing radiographs fluoridated communities.…”

Section: Multivariate Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth–Surface Progression and Reversal Changes in Fluoridated and No–Longer– Fluoridated Communities over a 3–Year Period

et al. 2001

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Objective: To compare permanent tooth surface–specific progression/reversal changes between fluoridation–ended (F–E) and still–fluoridated (S–F) communities in British Columbia, Canada, over a 3–year period. Methods: D1D2MFS examinations were contrasted for 2,964 schoolchildren in 1993/94 (grades 2, 3, 8 and 9) and 1996/97 (grades 5, 6, 11 and 12). Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models explored the relation between progression/reversal changes and fluoridation status, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and dietary/fluoride histories. Results: Within a scenario of low levels of caries overall, few children had multiple surfaces progressing. At least one smooth surface progressed in 31.4% of subjects; at least one pit–and–fissure (PF) surface progressed in 43.1% of subjects. At least one smooth surface reverted in 89% of subjects who had reversible stages; at least one PF surface reverted in 23.8% of subjects who had reversible stages. GEE (smooth) indicated that odds ratios of progression were twice as large in the F–E site compared to the S–F site, and slightly increased in older participants and in participants exposed to more fluoride technologies. GEE (PF) also indicated that progression was slightly more common in the F–E site; more frequent snacking and lower parental educational attainment had modest associations with increased progression in PF surfaces. For the two types of surfaces, GEE models demonstrated that unerupted surfaces were less likely to progress than sound surfaces. No associations were found between reversals and independent variables. Conclusion: Progressions were found to be weakly linked to socio–demographic factors; baseline surface statuses were better predictors of progression. Using the current definitions for disease transitions, F–E communities had more frequent progressions than a S–F community.

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Section: Multivariate Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth–Surface Progression and Reversal Changes in Fluoridated and No–Longer– Fluoridated Communities over a 3–Year Period

et al. 2001

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“…Root surface caries, a condition more common to an aging population, has been reported to be 50 percent less frequent in a fluoridated than in a non-fluoridated community (Stamm and Banting,1980) It has been shown that the caries rates rise when water fluoridation is discontinued (Lemke et al, 1970;Klinzel,1980;Stephen et al, 1987). In addition to the prevention of caries, fluoride is believed to be important in the arrest and reversal of incipient lesions.…”

Section: Fluorine: An Essential Trace Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride Intake of Infants in New Zealand

1990

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“…They concluded that the caries reduction produced by such lozenges was the result of fluoride acting on the external surfaces of the teeth. Lemke et al [1970] investigated the dental effects of discontinuation of controlled water fluoridation in Antigo (Wisconsin). They came to the conclusion that the (caries) inhibiting effect tends to persist as long as fluoride exposure is continued, but tends to be gradually lost after fluoride exposure is discontinued.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic versus Topical Fluoride

Hellwig

Lennon²

2004

Caries Res

100

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The actual mechanism of fluoride action is still a subject of debate. A dogma has existed for many decades, that fluoride has to be ingested and acts mainly pre-eruptively. However, recent studies concerning the systemic effect of fluoride supplementation concluded that the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is almost exclusively posteruptive. Moreover, epidemiologists have cast doubt on the validity of the ‘old’ studies dealing with fluoride use. The concept of the posteruptive fluoride effect is supported by in vitro and in situ investigations demonstrating that the mode of action of fluoride can be attributed mainly to its influence on de- and remineralization kinetics of dental hard tissues. Therefore, topical fluoride application (e.g. in the form of fluoridated dentifrices) should be encouraged. There are still important questions open that need to be answered despite existing knowledge about the caries-preventive effect of fluoride.

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Controlled Fluoridation: The Dental Effects of Discontinuation in Antigo, Wisconsin

Cited by 72 publications

References 5 publications

Tooth–Surface Progression and Reversal Changes in Fluoridated and No–Longer– Fluoridated Communities over a 3–Year Period

Tooth–Surface Progression and Reversal Changes in Fluoridated and No–Longer– Fluoridated Communities over a 3–Year Period

Fluoride Intake of Infants in New Zealand

Systemic versus Topical Fluoride

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