Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range

Stöber, Werner; Fink, Arthur G.; Bohn, Ernst

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(68)90272-5

Cited by 13,598 publications

(9,180 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As the carrier material to design the VIPs, we used highly monodisperse SNPs produced following the method developed by Stöber 31 . The statistical analysis of micrographs acquired using high-resolution fieldemission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a mean diameter of 410 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthetic nanomaterial for virus recognition produced by surface imprinting

et al. 2013

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Major stumbling blocks in the production of fully synthetic materials designed to feature virus recognition properties are that the target is large and its self-assembled architecture is fragile. Here we describe a synthetic strategy to produce organic/inorganic nanoparticulate hybrids that recognize non-enveloped icosahedral viruses in water at concentrations down to the picomolar range. We demonstrate that these systems bind a virus that, in turn, acts as a template during the nanomaterial synthesis. These virus imprinted particles then display remarkable selectivity and affinity. The reported method, which is based on surface imprinting using silica nanoparticles that act as a carrier material and organosilanes serving as biomimetic building blocks, goes beyond simple shape imprinting. We demonstrate the formation of a chemical imprint, comparable to the formation of biosilica, due to the template effect of the virion surface on the synthesis of the recognition material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthetic nanomaterial for virus recognition produced by surface imprinting

et al. 2013

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“…Ströber's method, which has been modified for various applications, is based on the formation of SiO 2 spheres by condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane in basic conditions. 35 Silica coatings have proved to be effective at preserving optical properties and preventing precipitation for organometallically Representative high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of a 6 nm CdTe nanoparticle, with an amorphous silica particle to the right. The lattice spacing was calculated to be 0.159 nm (1.59 Å) on average.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica-Coated CdTe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Thiols for Bioconjugation to IgG Proteins

et al. 2006

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Quantum dots (QDs) have been increasingly used in biolabeling recently as their advantages over molecular fluorophores have become clear. For bioapplications QDs must be water-soluble and buffer stable, making their synthesis challenging and time-consuming. A simple aqueous synthesis of silica-capped, highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots has been developed. CdTe QDs are advantageous as the emission can be tuned to the near-infrared where tissue absorption is at a minimum, while the silica shell can prevent the leakage of toxic Cd 2+ and provide a surface for easy conjugation to biomolecules such as proteins. The presence of a silica shell of 2-5 nm in thickness has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements. Photoluminescence studies show that the silica shell results in greatly increased photostability in Tris-borate-ethylenediaminetetraacetate and phosphate-buffered saline buffers. To further improve their biocompatibility, the silica-capped QDs have been functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) and thiol-terminated biolinkers. Through the use of these linkers, antibody proteins were successfully conjugated as confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Streptavidin-maleimide and biotinylated polystyrene microbeads confirmed the bioactivity and conjugation specificity of the thiolated QDs. These functionalized, silica-capped QDs are ideal labels, easily synthesized, robust, safe, and readily conjugated to biomolecules while maintaining bioactivity. They are potentially useful for a number of applications in biolabeling and imaging.

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“…24 By controlling the TEOS concentration, pH, and coating time, the thickness of the SiO 2 coating and therefore the void space size can be easily controlled ( Figure S3, Supporting Information). 25,26 The SiNPs utilized for this study have an average diameter around 100 nm. Smaller particles might yield better battery performance, but they are more costly as well.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Yolk-Shell Design for Stabilized and Scalable Li-Ion Battery Alloy Anodes

Liu¹,

Wu²,

McDowell³

et al. 2012

Nano Lett.

1,672

1,437

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Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries. For use in practical applications, a Si electrode must have high capacity, long cycle life, high efficiency, and the fabrication must be industrially scalable. Here, we design and fabricate a yolk-shell structure to meet all these needs. The fabrication is carried out without special equipment and mostly at room temperature. Commercially available Si nanoparticles are completely sealed inside conformal, thin, self-supporting carbon shells, with rationally designed void space in between the particles and the shell. The well-defined void space allows the Si particles to expand freely without breaking the outer carbon shell, therefore stabilizing the solid-electrolyte interphase on the shell surface. High capacity (∼2800 mAh/g at C/10), long cycle life (1000 cycles with 74% capacity retention), and high Coulombic efficiency (99.84%) have been realized in this yolk-shell structured Si electrode. KEYWORDS: Silicon nanoparticle, Li-ion battery, anode, yolk-shell, solid-electrolyte interphase, in situ TEM E lectrochemical energy storage has become a critical technology for a variety of applications, including grid storage, electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices. The lithium-ion battery (LIB) is an attractive energy storage device because of its relatively high energy density and good rate capability. To further increase the energy density for more demanding applications, however, new electrode materials with higher specific and volumetric capacity are required. Since the initial commercialization of the LIB two decades ago, there has been little progress in commercializing new electrode materials with significantly higher capacity. 1 To meet the increasing demand for energy storage capability, novel electrode materials with higher capacity, low cost, and the ability to be produced at large scale are of great interest.Alloy-type anodes (Si, Ge, Sn, Al, Sb, etc.) have much higher Li storage capacity than the intercalation-type graphite anode that is currently used in Li-ion batteries. 2 Among all the alloy anodes, silicon has the highest specific capacity: Experiments have demonstrated an initial specific capacity of >3500 mAh/g, which is 10 times the capacity of graphite. 3 In addition, silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust (28% by mass), indicating its potential to be utilized in large quantities at low cost. 4 A further benefit is that mass production of elemental silicon is already a mature technology in the semiconductor industry. Despite these advantages, graphite anodes still dominate the marketplace due to the fact that alloy anodes have two major challenges that have prevented their widespread use. First, alloy anodes undergo significant volume expansion and contraction during Li insertion/extraction. 2 This volume change (∼300% for Si) can result in pulverization of the initial particle morphology and causes the loss of electrical contact between active mat...

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Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range

Cited by 13,598 publications

References 2 publications

A synthetic nanomaterial for virus recognition produced by surface imprinting

A synthetic nanomaterial for virus recognition produced by surface imprinting

Silica-Coated CdTe Quantum Dots Functionalized with Thiols for Bioconjugation to IgG Proteins

A Yolk-Shell Design for Stabilized and Scalable Li-Ion Battery Alloy Anodes

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