Controlled Laser-Induced Oxidation Marking for Submillimeter Unique Identification Tags Based on X-Ray Fluorescence

Li, Xiashuang; He, Weiping; Lei, Lei; Guo, Gaifang; Zhang, Tengyun; Yue, Ting; Li-min, Huang

doi:10.1109/jphot.2016.2531584

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…While this method cannot be used to distinguish between the isotopes of elements, but only between different elements, it can provide sufficient capacity for the creation of short codes and their easy non-destructive reading. (Demirok et al 2009;Dhara et al 2010;Li et al 2016;Sattayasamitsathit et al 2007;Schramm and Kaiser 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification tags for archival documents based on oxides of transition and inner transition metals – influence on paper supports

Krejčí

Benetková

Drábková

et al. 2020

Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material

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AbstractTheft of archival documents constitutes a serious problem for archives. A possible solution to this problem lies in labelling these documents with codes that are invisible to the naked eye. A possible method could involve use, e.g. of the oxides of lanthanum, dysprosium, samarium, gadolinium and niobium, which have good responses in the XRF spectrum and are normally not present in archival materials. This study is concerned with the impact of these oxides on the properties of lignocellulosic materials. The identification tags were printed on three different kinds of paper supports (Whatman No. 1 filter paper, paper according to ISO 9706 and sulphite pulp). The colour change, average degree of polymerisation, the pH values of an aqueous extract and selected mechanical properties after application of the tag and artificial ageing were studied on all the samples. The measurements showed that the studied oxides do not have a negative effect on the monitored properties of the paper supports and do not affect their long-term ageing behaviour.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification tags for archival documents based on oxides of transition and inner transition metals – influence on paper supports

Krejčí

Benetková

Drábková

et al. 2020

Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material

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“…Microbarcoding has become widespread during recent years for both product and biomolecule identification . These identification markers are composed of either molecules prone to fluorescence, stripped nanowires, or particles identifiable by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis . This approach is of great interest as it is not easily detected without more advanced equipment and is thus better suited to applications where the tag should not be readily visible or detectable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term stability of invisible X‐ray fluorescence identification tags

et al. 2019

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The traditional labelling of archive documents (e.g., hand stamping) entails several limitations. It could affect the aesthetic value of the archive document and is easy to find and remove in case of the theft of the document. The use of a label that would not be easily visible by the naked eye would resolve both of these problems. One possibility in designing such label is the use of the elements that have a good response in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrum, are not disturbing in colour, and are not usually present in the archive materials themselves. This study focuses on such type of labelling, specifically, the tags based on the oxides of lanthanum, dysprosium, samarium, gadolinium, and niobium. For the material to be taken into account by the community, it has to fulfil several important characteristics, such as harmlessness to the archival documents, non-toxicity, or long-term stability. In the study, the long-term stability of these tags was studied on model samples of lignocellulose materials subjected to several types of artificial ageing. The colour changes and changes in the intensity of the responses of the individual elements in the XRF spectra were evaluated. To simulate the practical use, the tags of minimal visibility to the naked eye were printed on samples of real archive materials, and their potential for detection using a handheld XRF spectrometer was studied.Both of the research parts should help bring this type of labelling closer to the field application.

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“…Marking is part of mass production, and the speed of the product often cannot be followed with the naked eye, and also, sometimes all the products have to be marked with an individual marker. Polymers can be marked with a laser with one of the following mechanisms: ablation, bleaching (thermal bleaching) [1], carbonisation [2], colour change (colour-formation, colouring, colour marking [3,4]), darkening/whitening [5,6], dehydration [7], doping [8,9], engraving [10], foaming [8,[11][12][13], melting, optical breakdown [14], oxidation/reduction on metallized surfaces [15], transfer and unzipping [16,17]. Laser beam can make pits and rims [18], craters [19], but there are papers in which the same interaction between laser beam and material is called once ablation [20], sometimes etching [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser markability of PVC coated automotive electric cables

Bitay¹

2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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This article describes the test results for laser markability of automotive electrical cables. The insulation is PVC, but the colour and construction of the insulations are different. Two types of laser workstations were used, one with a wavelength of 1064 nm and another with 532 nm. The penetration depth of the laser beam was determined by optical microscopy on cross sections. The 1064 nm laser beam can mark all investigated materials with good contrast, except the yellow insulation. The 532 nm laser beam with fast speed can hardly produce contrast with any of the materials. The laser markability of the yellow insulation was found to be the most problematic. On the two-layer insulation, despite the whitening of the inner material, dark marking is produced because the heat developing on the interface of the two layers will heat up and carbonize the transparent layer.

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Controlled Laser-Induced Oxidation Marking for Submillimeter Unique Identification Tags Based on X-Ray Fluorescence

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Identification tags for archival documents based on oxides of transition and inner transition metals – influence on paper supports

Identification tags for archival documents based on oxides of transition and inner transition metals – influence on paper supports

Long‐term stability of invisible X‐ray fluorescence identification tags

Laser markability of PVC coated automotive electric cables

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