Controlled Measurement Setup for Ultra-Wideband Dielectric Modeling of Muscle Tissue in 20–45 °C Temperature Range

Maenhout, Gertjan; Markovic, Tomislav; Nauwelaers, Bart

doi:10.3390/s21227644

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 44 publications

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“…When measuring layered materials, the result depends on the probe sensing depth, which should be determined for the used probe [20][21][22][23]. When measuring biological tissues, the result also depends on the contact pressure, which should be regarded during the measurements [24,25]. The accuracy of the final measurement result additionally depends on the postprocessing method, which in turn depends on the chosen model of the open-end load impedance [15,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Permittivity Measurement Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe—Modeling and Simulation Based on the Simple Capacitive-Load Model

Šarolić

Matković

2022

Sensors

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The study aim was to validate that dielectric permittivity measurement using the open-ended coaxial probe can be reliably modeled using electromagnetic modeling and simulations, followed by the postprocessing calculations based on the simple capacitive-load model. Saline solutions with various NaCl concentrations were used as materials under test (MUTs) to investigate how ionic conductivity affects the model validity. Two different solvers and simulation methods were used: FEKO for the frequency domain and CST for the time domain. Furthermore, we performed physical experiments with the same probe and MUTs, again implementing the capacitive-load model on the measurement data to observe the model validity. Relative error of the capacitive-load model with respect to the reference permittivity values, both in measurements and simulations, was within 10% for all cases except for the measured εr′ of 1M solution at the lowest frequencies. The model yielded average relative errors well below 1% for the physiological saline, which is relevant for biological materials. The error increased for higher concentrations and for the lowest simulated frequencies but was within the declared measurement accuracy of the probe itself. This makes the simple capacitive-load model valid for all analyzed concentrations in the microwave frequency range from 0.5 to 18 GHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric Permittivity Measurement Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe—Modeling and Simulation Based on the Simple Capacitive-Load Model

Šarolić

Matković

2022

Sensors

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Temperature-Induced Contrast Enhancement for Radar-Based Breast Tumor Detection at K-Band Using Tissue Mimicking Phantoms

Moll

Slanina

Stindl

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Electromagn. RF Microw. Med. Biol.

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Temperature dependence of dielectric properties of blood at 10 Hz–100 MHz

Wang

Dong²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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The temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of blood is important for studying the biological effects of electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic protection, disease diagnosis, and treatment. However, owing to the limitations of measurement methods, there are still some uncertainties regarding the temperature characteristics of the dielectric properties of blood at low and medium frequencies. In this study, we designed a composite impedance measurement box with high heat transfer efficiency that allowed for a four/two-electrode measurement method. Four-electrode measurements were carried out at 10 Hz-1 MHz to overcome the influence of electrode polarization, and two-electrode measurements were carried out at 100 Hz-100 MHz to avoid the influence of distribution parameters, and the data was integrated to achieve dielectric measurements at 10 Hz-100 MHz. At the same time, the temperature of fresh blood from rabbits was controlled at 17–39°C in combination with a temperature-controlled water sink. The results showed that the temperature coefficient for the real part of the resistivity of blood remained constant from 10 Hz to 100 kHz (−2.42%/°C) and then gradually decreased to −0.26%/°C. The temperature coefficient of the imaginary part was positive and bimodal from 6.31 kHz to 100 MHz, with peaks of 5.22%/°C and 4.14%/°C at 126 kHz and 39.8 MHz, respectively. Finally, a third-order function model was developed to describe the dielectric spectra at these temperatures, in which the resistivity parameter in each dispersion zone decreased linearly with temperature and each characteristic frequency increased linearly with temperature. The model could estimate the dielectric properties at any frequency and temperature in this range, and the maximum error was less than 1.39%, thus laying the foundation for subsequent studies.

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Controlled Measurement Setup for Ultra-Wideband Dielectric Modeling of Muscle Tissue in 20–45 °C Temperature Range

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Dielectric Permittivity Measurement Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe—Modeling and Simulation Based on the Simple Capacitive-Load Model

Dielectric Permittivity Measurement Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe—Modeling and Simulation Based on the Simple Capacitive-Load Model

Temperature-Induced Contrast Enhancement for Radar-Based Breast Tumor Detection at K-Band Using Tissue Mimicking Phantoms

Temperature dependence of dielectric properties of blood at 10 Hz–100 MHz

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